2. SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE

3. 1.EVAPORATION
Used to separate the volatile component (solvent) from its non-volatile solute.

4. Eg:- 1. To separate common salt from its solution in water. 2
Eg:- 1.To separate common salt from its solution in water. 2. To separate water present along with the dyes in ink.

5. 2. Centrifugation
The method of separating finely suspended or colloidal particles in a liquid by rotating the liquid at a very high speed.
When rotated at high speed, then the heavier particles are forced towards the bottom of liquid and the lighter stay at the top.

8. Uses Used in diagnostic laboratories for blood and urine test
Used in diaries and home to separate butter from cream
Used in washing machines to squeeze out water from wet clothes.

9. 3. Separating funnel
A mixture of two or more immiscible liquids having difference in their densities can be separated by using a separating funnel.

10. Uses To separate mixture of oil and water
In the extraction of iron from its ore, the lighter slag is removed from the top by this method to leave the molten iron at the bottom in the furnace.

11. 4. Sublimation
This method is used in the separation of such solid-solid mixtures where one of the components sublimes on heating.

13. Examples of sublimable solids
Ammonium chloride
Camphor
Naphthalene
Anthracene
Dry ice
Iodine

14. 5. Chromatography
The process of separation of different dissolved constituents of mixture by adsorbing them over an appropriate adsorbent material is called chromatography.
It is the technique used for the separation of those solutes that dissolves in the same solvent.

17. Uses To separate Colours in a dye Pigments from natural colours
Drugs from blood

18. 6. Distillation (Simple)
It is a method of separation of two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and have much difference in their boiling points.
It is the process of heating a liquid mixture to form vapours and then cooling the vapour to get back the liquid.

20. Example. A mixture of acetone and water.
A mixture of methanol and water.

21. 7. Fractional distillation
It is used for the separation of mixture of two or more miscible liquids for which the difference in boiling point is less than 25 K.

23. Examples For the separation of different gases from air.
For the separation of different fractions from petroleum products etc.

24. Fractional distillation of Petroleum

25. Separation of components of air

27. 8. Crystallisation
It is a process that separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution.
It is better than evaporation technique because
1. some solids decompose or some like sugar may get charred on heating to dryness.
2.Some impurities may remain dissolved in the solution even after filtration. On evaporation these may contaminate the solid.

28. Applications Purification of salt that we get from sea water
Separation of crystals of alum from impure samples.

29. Water Purification System