1. SSUSH 12

2. Standards
SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.
a. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America.
b. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers.
c. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee.
d. Describe the 1894 Pullman strike as an example of industrial unrest.

3. Immigration

4. Ellis Island

6. Forced to pass health and welfare tests to be eligible to enter
Ellis Island – immigration station in New York harbor where immigrants are checked in
New groups:
mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe;
Jewish or Catholic;
usually spoke no English
Forced to pass health and welfare tests to be eligible to enter
Tended to settle in other areas with people who spoke same languages, worshipped same religion, same cultures

7. Effect of new immigrants on America
Immigrants moved to urban areas, cities
Likely to be poor, could not afford to buy farmland
Worked as unskilled laborers,
Communities to recreate their cultures of their home countries

8. Unions

9. Unions Working conditions in factories were terrible
Long workdays
Low pay
Dangerous working conditions
No vacations
Individual workers had no power
Unions – workers band together for more power

10. American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
1886
strikes convince employers to
grant shorter work days,
Better working conditions,
higher wages,
greater control over workplace responsibilities.
Excluded farmers, blacks, women and unskilled immigrants
Became one of the most powerful labor unions in 20th century

12. Pullman, Illinois

13. Pullman, Illinois

14. Strike!
Strikes used to force bargaining

15. Pullman Labor Strike 1894 Pullman Palace Car Company (Chicago)
Company cut wages 30% during an economic depression
150,000 American Railroad Union members refuse to work
President Cleveland send in troops to break strike

16. Native Americans and Moving WEst

17. Sitting Bull
After the Civil War, many Americans moved west in search of simple rural lives
Sioux leader Sitting Bull believed “no white person or persons shall be permitted to settle upon or occupy” Sioux lands
US gov’t agreed
But gold is discovered…negotiations give way to fighting…10 years later Sitting Bull died in a brief gun battle

18. Wounded Knee
Prior to Sitting Bulls death Native tribes performed Ghost Dance rituals (called for return to traditional ways and challenge white supremacy)
Fled to Wounded Knee
Army sent to stop Ghost Dance Movement
Slaughtered hundreds of Native Americans
Over 300 killed, Indian wars finally over

20. Questions
What other historical American Indian leaders does Sitting Bull remind us of?
What has been the cause of the near-constant conflict between American Indians and Americans?