1. Nutrition Chapter 3.3

2. Six Types of Nutrients Water Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins
Minerals

3. Water 65% of your body = water
Most important nutrient = occurs in all body reactions
Purpose
Maintain blood pressure
Regulate body temperature
Transport molecules - Move in/out of cells
Dehydration
Lack of sufficient amounts of water
Muscle cramps, fatigue, chapped lips/skin, dizziness

4. Carbohydrates Main source of energy
½ of your calories should come from carbs
Grains, veggies, fruits
Classified into simple and complex carbs
Simple carbs – glucose & sucrose
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Complex carbs – starch & cellulose (fiber)
Polysaccharides
Broken down during digestion into glucose
Extra stored as glycogen

5. Fats Most food you eat has fat Fat is needed…
Fat is a component of cell membrane
Fat is needed…
To produce hormones
Long term energy source – 2.5 X more energy than carbohydrates
Fat can be good or bad (two classifications)
Unsaturated fat – good fat
Saturated fats – bad fats

6. Why are some fats considered good, while others are considered bad?
Unsaturated are good (monounsaturated/polyunsaturated)

7. Bad fats- Saturated fat
Saturated fats
Fats your body produces and stores
Not necessary to eat these fats regularly
EX: meat, whole milk, dairy products

8. Trans fat = WORST Worst type of fat is Trans Fat
“Artificially” made fats
EX: fried and fast food
Contribute to heart disease

9. Proteins Purpose Proteins are broken down into amino acids
Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions
Structural support – skin, hair, nails
Movement – skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscles
Proteins are broken down into amino acids
20 different amino acids
Your body can make 11 amino acids (non-essential)
The rest you have to consume (essential)

10. Vitamins Vitamin: organic molecules body needs in small amounts
Work with enzymes to help your cells/cell reactions function
Vitamins can be fat soluble or water soluble

11. Vitamins Fat soluble = dissolved and stored in fat and your liver
Ex: Vitamins A, D, E, K
Water soluble = not stored in the body, dissolve in water and are excreted out in urine

12. Minerals
Minerals = organic molecules need in small amounts to help build and repair tissues
Examples: Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron

13. Energy stored in food can be measureable…
Energy available in food is measured in calories
Each biomolecule provides a different calorie amount
Fat – 9 calories per gram
Carbs – 4 calories per gram
Proteins – 4 calories per gram

14. How is energy actually measured?
Calorimeter uses water to capture the heat released from the burning food
(Initial temp – final temp) X (mass in water) = calories

15. What is a calorie?
Amount of energy needed to raise1 gram of water 1 degree celsius = calorie
Calorie vs calorie
1000 calories = 1 Calorie

16. BMI
Indicator of body fat based on height and weight
(weight / height2)