1. Bellringer # 6 September 2
Define – archaeologist, anthropologist, artifact, prehistoric
What can analyzing sites that are millions of years old tell us about prehistoric life?

2. Native American Settlement Topic 1
Write on the very top of
Page 27 and highlight it.

3. Unit 2 (page 27) Unit: Louisiana: Settlement and Colonial Legacy
Unit Claim: What is the legacy of settlement and colonization on an area's identity?
Topic 1 – Native American Settlement

4. History Standard 2 – Key Events, Ideas, and People
Students investigate how key people, ideas, and events influenced the development of modern Louisiana.
Describe the influence and contributions of explorers and early Louisiana settlement groups.

5. Students will learn: about Louisiana’s prehistoric culture.
about Native American tribes in LA.
location of LA’s tribes.
contributions of LA’s tribes.
treatment of tribes by European settlers.

6. Prehistoric Culture Vocabulary
(page 32)
archaeology – the study of the remains of the past
anthropology - studies the origins and development of human beings and their cultures
artifact - object produced by humans, especially a tool, weapon, or ornament historical interest

7. Prehistoric Culture Vocabulary (page 32)
prehistoric – period before writing

8. Prehistoric Culture Vocabulary (page 27)
Old Stone Age – Paleolithic Period, all people were hunters & gatherers
nomads – people who wander from place to place (nomadic)
New Stone Age – Neolithic Period, people began to cultivate plants & domesticate animals

9. Prehistoric Culture Vocabulary (page 27)
cultivate – to prepare and use land for raising crops, marked the beginning of the New Stone Age
domesticate – to tame animals in order to make them useful to people
civilization – a society that has achieved a high level of culture including the start of government, religion & cities

10. Prehistoric Culture Vocabulary (page 32)
polytheism – belief in many gods
monotheism – belief in one God

11. Inhabiting North America (page 33)
Scientists believe that the first human to inhabit North America migrated from Asia about 20,000 years ago.
They crossed a land bridge known as Beringia.
Beringia once connected present day Russia to Alaska.

12. Beringia - Late Wisconsin Glaciation

13. Berengia - Deglaciation Period

14. Beringia - Present Day

15. Map page 144

16. Inhabiting North America (page 33)
Today Beringia no longer exists.
The Bering Strait is about 50 miles wide at its narrowest point.

17. Prehistoric Native Americans (page 34)
Native Americans are the first inhabitants of Western Hemisphere, especially North America.
Lived in Louisiana for thousands of years before Europeans arrived.
Groups are classified into period according to how they lived.

18. Paleo-Indians 10,000 – 6,000 BC (page 34)
Oldest group in Louisiana
Nomads that followed the animals that they hunted
Paleo-Indians slaying a mammoth

19. Paleo-Indians (page 28) Ate wide range of plants and animals
Used 3-inch stone points attached to wooden poles
Lived in temporary shelters
Made clothing out of animal skins

20. Early Paleo-Indian Point http://www. crt. state. la

21. Meso-Indians 7,500 – 2,000 BC (page 34)
Stayed in one place longer
Hunter using an Atlatl

23. Meso-Indians (page 34)
Built houses and first mounds for special ceremonies
Hunted smaller animals like deer, rabbits, and raccoons
Ate seeds, roots, nuts, and fruits
Used spears of varied sizes and added atlatl (throwing stick)
Made baskets, fish hooks, hairpins

24. Meso Indian Four Points and a Drill http://www. crt. state. la

25. Early Neo Indians 2,000 BC – 800 AD (page 34)
Made first pottery and bow & arrow
Lived in villages
Started trade
A Tchefuncte Indian campsite

26. Early Neo Indians (page 34)
Made elaborate ornaments like bracelets, beads, animal tooth pendants, and pottery pipes
Buried items with dead

27. Late Neo Indians 800 – 1600 AD (page 34)
Built permanent homes and temple mounds
Ceremonialism at a historic Indian mound site

28. Late Neo Indians (page 34)
Planted and ate maize (corn) beans, squash and pumpkins
Used pottery

29. Early and Late Paleo-Indian Period Stone Points http://www. crt. state

30. Poverty Point Indians (page 35)
Culture belonged to Early Neo-Indian Period
Political & religious centers located in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi
Built huge earthworks or mounds.

31. How did site get its name?
Not called Poverty Point by its builders.
Builders had no written language.
Site named after the Poverty Point plantation which was located on the same land.

32. Poverty Point’s Location

33. An aerial view reveals the circular pattern of ancient American earthworks at Poverty Point.

34. Mound Poverty Point

35. Plan of Poverty Point and environs
Plan of Poverty Point and environs. The site gets its name from the nineteenth-century cotton plantation of which it was then part. Sarah's Mount, located at the southern end of the plaza, is named for one of the early owners of the plantation. Drawing by John L. Gibson.

36. Poverty Point Archaeological Site (page 31)
Site is enormous in size, has unusual artifacts, and was once a regional cultural center.
Indians built the mounds and ridges about 3,500 year ago.
Largest earthworks site in Louisiana.

37. Poverty Point Archaeological Site (page 31)
Extremely important site still being excavated.
Truly one of Louisiana’s most precious non-renewable resources.
World Heritage site - are places of cultural importance or natural heritage

38. Bellringer #
How did Europeans change life for Native Americans? Give at least three examples in complete sentences.
In your opinion, was Columbus a hero or a villain? Answer in at least three sentences.

39. Historic Native Americans (page 33)
Historic period began when the Europeans arrived in Louisiana and began keeping written records about NA life.
Europeans brought diseases to North America.
Natives had no immunity to the diseases and died by the millions.

40. Historic Native Tribes (page 33)
Natchez
Caddo
Choctaw
Houma
Chitimacha
Coushatta

41. Native Tribes Map
Coushatta

42. Natchez Natchez, MS and Northeast LA Had a class system
Used tattoos to show status
Made pottery & decorated clothing
Displaced by French so descendants mixed with other tribes

43. Grand Village of the Natchez Indians

44. Native Tribes Map

45. Caddo Red River Region, Northwest Louisiana
Hunted from horseback & traded
Keep cattle, horses, and poultry
Sold land to US for cash & goods
Moved to reservations in Oklahoma and Mississippi

46. Caddo Indians

47. Native Tribes Map

48. Choctaw
Southeastern Mississippi and Louisiana as well as Georgia and Alabama
Lived in permanent towns
Made blowguns & baskets
Gave up land to US and moved to reservations, some descendants still live in LA

49. Choctaw Basket

50. Native Tribes Map

51. Houma Feliciana, Ascension, and Terrebonne Parishes
Used crawfish as a symbol
Weaving, woodcarving, and palmetto baskets
Sold land to Acadians
Live in Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes

53. Native Tribes Map

54. Chitimacha Southeastern Louisiana
Ruled by a chief, women could hold power
Closed society
Rituals in dance house
Live on reservations in St Mary’s Parish

55. Native Tribes Map

56. Bellringer #
The Caddo Treaty result in the removal of the Caddo Tribe from Louisiana.
What reasons were given by the US government for the need to move the Caddo?
Who benefited from the treaty?

57. Coushatta South central Louisiana Lived in clans Families had totems
Weaving & blowguns
Bought land in Allen Parish

58. Native Tribes Map
Coushatta

59. Lesson Closure (page 36) Indian Removal: The Caddo Treaty
Read page 156 about Jackson’s Removal Policy.
Read page 170 about the Caddo Treaty.
Answer questions using RACES #1,2,3,5.
#4 BONUS

60. Poverty Point Archaeological Site (page 31)
Poverty Point is not the only mound building site in Louisiana.
Louisiana has an abundance of ancient earthworks constructed by the original inhabitants of land.
There are many different types of mounds built for a various reasons.