1. How do individuals and groups with different genes arise?
Exams returned W 2/17?
No discussions 2/15 or 16

2. Information flow in cells
Fig 5.26
Information flow in cells
Protein

3. As organisms reproduce the DNA is passed on to the next generations.
Fig 13.5
As organisms reproduce the DNA is passed on to the next generations.

4. Only a small percent of DNA codes for proteins
Fig 21.7

5. DNA Composition: In humans:
Each cell contains ~6 billion nucleotides of DNA.
This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide.
~98% does not directly code for amino acids
In a single human cell only about 5-10% of genes are expressed at a time.

6. The length of DNA in each of your cells is longer than you are tall.
Fig 6.2
Length of
human DNA
in each cell
The length of DNA in each of your cells is longer than you are tall.
Width of DNA
Power of ten:

7. DNA Composition: In humans:
Each cell contains ~6 billion base pairs of DNA.
This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide.
~1.5% directly codes for amino acids
~25% is genes
In a single human cell only about 5-10% of genes are expressed at a time.

8. fig 21.7
Genes are replicators
(selfish gene)

9. Viruses infect living cells, take over, and produce more virus.
fig 19.4
Viruses infect living cells, take over, and produce more virus.

10. Bodies are vessels for the transmission of genes

11. fig 21.8
Transposons

12. Transposons: mobile DNA
fig 21.9
Genes are replicators (selfish gene)
Transposons: mobile DNA

13. Barbara McClintock, discoverer of transposons
fig 21.8
Barbara McClintock, discoverer of transposons

14. fig 21.8
Transposons

15. transposase
transposon

20. Transposons: mobile DNA
fig 21.9
Genes are replicators (selfish gene)
Transposons: mobile DNA

21. Retrotransposons: mobile and self-replicating DNA
fig 21.9

22. fig 21.7
Genes are replicators
(selfish gene)

23. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

24. Reproductive success = evolutionary success

25. Reproductive success = Evolutionary success

26. Reproductive success = Evolutionary success

27. Reproductive success = evolutionary success

28. Are genes the only replicators?

29. Memes: transmissible ideas
Ideas can act similarly to genes
Contain information
Replicate with imperfect fidelity

30. Mutations

31. Memes: transmissible ideas
Ideas can act similarly to genes or viruses
Contain information
Replicate with imperfect fidelity

32. Memes: transmissible ideas
Ideas can act similarly to genes or viruses
Contain information
Replicate with imperfect fidelity
Evolve: most successful replicators become most abundant

33. Contrasts between memes and genes
Slow replication
High copy fidelity
Universal in organisms
Memes
Rapid replication
Low copy fidelity
Limited to some organisms
Only humans can transmit complex memes?

34. Humans can pass on genes and/or memes

35. Selection of memes and genes can be at odds
Evolution of memes and genes
Selection of memes and genes can be at odds
NvN chpt 8

36. Do other animals have culture?
In rats

37. Do other animals have culture?

38. Do memes make humans unique?

39. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

40. How do individuals and groups with different genes arise?
Exams returned W 2/17?
No discussions 2/15 or 16