1. chapter 1 SENTENCES AND SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
Teacher Anayansi Santamaria
Subject: grammar
Year: 2018

2. What is a sentence? A group of words that has a subject and a verb.
A sentence express a complete thought or idea.
Examples
Shirley chisholm was selected to the u.s. house of representatives in 1968.
Subject: verb: complete thought:
Shirley chisholm was selected to the u.s. house of representatives in 1968.

3. What is a sentence fragment?
A Word group that looks like a sentence but does not have both a subject or a verb and does not express a complete thought.
Example
“if i walk home.” (no verb)
“on the table.” (no subject)
“over there.” (no subject)

5. FRAGMENT OR SENTENCE? Hit the ball Animals live in the forest
Touch the base
He is happy the year is beginning
Sad day
My friend jumps for joy
FRAGMENT
SENTENCE

6. SIMPLE AND COMPLETE SUBJECTS

7. simple subjects DEFINITION EXAMPLES
THE MAIN WORD THAT TELLS WHOM OR WHAT THE SENTENCE IS ABOUT.
IT IS PART OF THE COMPLETE SUBJECT.
THE COMPLETE SUBJECT CONSISTS OF ALL THE WORDS THAT TELL WHO OR WHAT THE SENTENCE IS ABOUT.
Traditional inuit dress includes the parka and mukluks.
Complete subject: traditional inuit dress.
North american indians developed moccasins centuries ago.
SIMPLE SUBJECT: INUIT DRESS.
Complete subject: north american indians.
SIMPLE SUBJECT: NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.

10. SIMPLE AND COMPLETE PREDICATES

11. THE SIMPLE PREDICATE definition
IS THE MAIN WORD THAT TELLS SOMETHING ABOUT THE SUBJECT.
IT IS PART OF THE COMPLETE PREDICATE.
THE COMPLETE PREDICATE IS A VERB AND ALL THE WORDS THAT DESCRIBE IT, SO THEY COMPLETE ITS MEANING.
EXAMPLE:
THE PARTY OF MY GRANDPARENTS’ FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY ENDED WITH A GRAND DISPLAY OF FIREWORKS.
COMPLETE PREDICATE: ENDED WITH A GRAND DISPLAY OF FIREWORKS.
SIMPLE PREDICATE: ENDED.

12. MONTESSORI METHOD FOR SENTENCE DIAGRAMMING

13. WHO WAS MARIA MONTESSORI?
Italian physician and educator
Creator of “the Montessori education”
Philosopher

14. Diagramming is a mental discipline that equips you to perform other tasks.
It helps the brain

15. Sentence tree diagram

16. The main phrase structure rules
S = sentence
Np = noun phrase
Vp = verb phrase
V= verb
Pp= prepositional phrase
N= noun
Art= article (also called determiner)
P= preposition
S (NP) (VP)
NP (ART) (N) (PP)
VP (Aux) (V) (np)
Pp (p) (np)

18. Drawing the tree structure of the phrase
Play with the toy = verb phrase vp
v pp
p np
det n
Play with the toy

19. Draw the tree structure for phrase
Repair the telephone
The success of the program
A film about pollution

20. Drawing the tree diagram
He likes the toy S
np vp
pronoun (n) v np
det n
he likes the toy

21. The children put the toy in the boxS
np vp
det n v np pp
det n p np
det n
the children put the toy in the box

22. Draw the structure trees for the following sentences
Those guests should leave
Maria never ate a brownie
The student lost the debate
PD: IDENTIFY THE SIMPLE AND COMPLETE PREDICATE

23. The phrase
A PHRASE is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and does not contain both a verb and its subject.
There are several kinds of phrases: noun phrase, prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, the adverb phrase and the verbal phrases (participle, gerund and infinitive).

24. Noun phrase A group of words that does the work of a noun.
It can also be a pronoun or any group of words that can be replaced by a pronoun.

25. Prepositional phrase
A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun that is called the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object.
Example: the seine river flows through paris. The noun “paris” functions as the o.p. of “through.”

26. The verb phrase
The verb phrase consists exclusively of verbs. In most verb phrases, one verb, called the main verb, carries information about what kind of event, activity, state, etc. the verb phrase refers to.
Other verbs in the verb phrase, called auxiliary verbs, contribute additional perspectives on the meaning of the verb phrase, relating, for example, to time and modality (possibility, necessity, volition, prediction). 

27. The compound subject

28. definition
A compound subject consists of two or more connected subjects that have the same verb.
Example:
Keshia and todd worked a jigsaw puzzle.
Compound subject: keshia, todd.
Either Carmen or Ernesto will videotape the ceremony tomorrow.
Compound subject: Carmen, Ernesto.

30. Identify compound subjects and their verbs.
Underline the compound subject once and the verb twice. (page 15, traditions hardcover book)
Children and nature are honored with their own festivals in japan
Among japanese nature festivals are the cherry blossom festival and the crysanthemum festival.
Fierce dragons and even huge ships fly in the sky during singapore’s kite festival.

31. The compound verb

32. Chapter 1: the parts of a sentence
A compound verb consists of two or more verbs that have the same subject.
A connecting Word (usually and, or, or but) is used between the verbs.

34. Identify the subject and the compound verb in the following sentences.
Linda wrote her essay and practiced the piano last night.
Miami is the largest city in southern florida and has been a popular resort area since the 1920’s.
According to greek mythology, arachne angered athena and was turned into a spider.

35. Write an informative paragraph about one of the pictures.

36. Thankyou!
To be continued…