1. Diabetes mellitus SGLT2 inhibitors: Novel concepts (cont’d):
Sodium-Glucose-Linked-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) :
SGLT2 responsible for 90% glucose reuptake in the proximal convoluted tubes
If capacity is exceeded, glucose excreted in urine (= diabetes)
Na+ gradient created by Na+/K+ ATPase acts as driving force
SGLT2 inhibitors:
Reduce glucose levels without risk of hypoglycemia
Glucose excretion might also benefit weight loss (~300 kCal/day)
Associated loss of water via osmosis => lowering of blood pressure
Work independent of insulin
High risk of urinary tract infections
Canagliflozin
Approved 2013
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin