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Nervous Systems
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Nervous Tissue Found in All Animals
Allows simple reactions to environment
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3 Steps Sensory input Integration Motor output
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Example
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More realistic example
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A Reflex Bypasses the brain Shortest circuit
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CNS vs. PNS Brain and spinal cord Interneurons
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Brain and spinal cord Interneurons Interpretation and organization Nerves out to the body Sensory and motor neurons
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Sensory Division Way more than 5 senses!
E.g. gravity, proprioreceptors, itch, pain, balance, magnetic (weak in humans) etc.
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Motor Division Convey signals to muscles or glands
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Somatic v. Autonomic Voluntary movement of skeletal muscle
Sub-conscious control of smooth muscle and glands
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Cephalization – Concentration of neural tissue in the head
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Brain About 100 billion interneurons
Incredibly, incredibly complex and very poorly understood (rapidly understanding more!) We use all of the brain (10% is a myth) 2% of body weight, uses 20% of oxygen Humans have the largest brains relative to body size and the largest cerebral cortexes
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Brain Presentations – For Tomorrow
As a group research one of the following brain structures. Create a basic presentation, focusing on: In what organisms is this structure found (when did it evolve)? What are the major functions of this structure? Any major differences in this structure between humans and other animals? Any interesting or surprising facts about this structure
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Brain Parts (Cerebrum/ Cerebral Cortex) -Frontal lobe -Occipital lobe -Parietal lobe -Temporal lobe (Limbic System) -Amygdala -Thalamus -Hippocampus -Cerebellum -Brain Stem
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