1. Bellringer SOL Challenge—
BJOTD: Why were screams coming from the kitchen?

2. Agenda SOL Challenge (10 mins) Go over old essay (15 mins)
Quiz (10 mins)
Crusades (40 mins)
SOL Notes (10 mins)

3. The Crusades

4. Background
The Crusades were carried out by the Christians of Western Europe to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.

5. Key Events of the Crusades
Pope Urban’s Speech: called for a “holy war” to gain control of the holy land
The capture of Jerusalem in 1099, during the First Crusade
Founding of crusader states
Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin
Sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders

6. Effects of the Crusades
Weakened the Pope and nobles; strengthened the monarch
Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East
Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims
Weakened the Byzantine Empire

7. Effects of Mongol Invasions
Invaded Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia
Destroyed both cities and countryside
Created an empire

8. Effects of the Ottoman Invasions of Europe
Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Turks were Muslim—represented the spreading of Islam