1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9

2. Energy in Living Systems
Organisms require a constant source of energy to maintain HOMEOSTASIS
Organisms use and store energy in the chemical bonds of macromolecules
Autotrophs (producers) make their own food
Heterotrophs (consumers) get their food from eating autotrophs
Glucose

3. Metabolism Involves either
Using energy to build macromolecules
Breaking down macromolecules to release the energy stored in their bonds
Enzymes (remember those…) allow the “building and breaking” of the bonds in macromolecules to occur much FASTER & MORE EASILY

4. Key Players Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Converts light energy into chemical energy
Has outer and inner membrane
Thylakoids contain the pigment chlorophyll that absorbs light
Mostly found in plants
Mitochondria
Have outer and inner membrane
Inner membrane is highly folded to increase surface area (chem. rxns occur here)
Found all eukaryotic cells

5. Energy enters an ecosystem when autotrophs use sunlight during photosynthesis (chloroplasts) to convert CO2 and water molecules into glucose and oxygen.
During Cellular respiration, mitochondria break down glucose and oxygen, release ATP (used to power the cell) and make CO2 and water
The Cycle

6. Draw the Diagram that Follows

7. Mitochondrion Chloroplast
ATP
Carbon Dioxide & Water
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Glucose & Oxygen
Photosynthesis
Respiration

8. You MUST memorize these!
Equations:
You MUST memorize these!
Photosynthesis:
Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP
Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

9. Anaerobic Respiration
Cellular respiration can be with (aerobic) or without (anaerobic) oxygen
In the absence of oxygen, some organisms can go through a process called fermentation
Lactic Acid fermentation can occur in the muscles of animals during vigorous exercise