1. Long term detection of seasonal influenza RNA in faeces and intestine – Author's Reply 
R. Hirose 
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 
Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages (April 2017)
DOI: /j.cmi
Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Resistance of influenza virus (IAV) to artificial digestive juice (artificial gastric acid and bile/pancreatic juice). IAV (clinical strain H3N2 isolated from influenza-infected patients in 2012) was incubated for 1, 2 or 4 hours with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), artificial gastric acid or artificial bile/pancreatic juice. Artificial gastric acid was adjusted to pH 2 with hydrochloric acid (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) and supplemented with 0.35% pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (Wako, Osaka, Japan) and 0.2% NaCl (Nacalai Tesque). Artificial bile/pancreatic juice contained PBS, 0.2% ox bile (Wako) and 0.5% pancreatin from hog pancreas (Wako). Infectious virus titer (top) and virus RNA copy number (bottom) were then measured. Data are expressed as mean±SD of more than three independent experiments. UD, undetectable levels.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection  , DOI: ( /j.cmi )
Copyright © 2016 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions