1. The 1950s
Suburban life, Rock and Roll, Cold War, Nuclear Fear, The Baby Boom, and Drive-Ins

2. Cold War Basics

3. The End of WWII Yalta Conference Stalin, Roosevelt & Churchill Soviets
Keep Germany week and maintain control
US/Britain
Develop a stronger Germany
independent nations in Eastern Europe, divide Germany into zones
Red Army remained in control of satellite states:
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria

4. The End of WWII Potsdam Conference Truman, Stalin, Attlee
Stalin refused to have free elections in Germany
Truman worried Stalin was heading towards world-wide conquest
Thus….the 46 year struggle begins

5. United Nations
New world organization created during WWII and Yalta Conference
Created to deal with world issues and be international peace keeper
General Assembly
Congress
Security Council
Declare military action
Disagreement between US and the USSR

6. “I would rather have peace in the world than be President.”
- Harry Truman
“To choose one’s victims, to prepare one’s plan minutely, to slake an implacable vengeance, and then to go to bed… there is nothing sweeter in the world.”
-Joseph Stalin
“The American people desire, and are determined to work for, a world in which all nations and all people are free to govern themselves as they see fit, and to achieve a decent and satisfying life.”
- Harry Truman
“This war is different from all earlier ones; the conqueror of a region imposes his own social system on it.”
- Joseph Stalin

7. The start of the struggle
Disagreements at conferences = rivalry
Conflicting ideologies
Communism
The party makes key economic, political and military decisions
Cannot question the authority
Cannot own private property
No freedom in worship
Capitalism
Free elections
Economic, political and religious freedom
Private property
Individualism

9. Stalin’s Buffer Zone Afraid of invasion Ignored Yalta conference
made his own border amongst occupied nations
Potsdam Conference
Stalin refused to have free elections in Eastern Europe
Claimed communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world
Truman worried Stalin was heading towards world-wide conquest
Thus….the 46 year struggle begins

10. United States
USSR
Encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of communism
Encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide worker’s revolution
Gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries
Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials
Rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new markets for U.S. goods
Control Eastern Europe[e to protect Soviet borders and balances the U.S. influence in Western Europe
Reunite Germany to stabilize it an increase the security of Europe
Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again

11. World War to Cold War
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9 min

12. The Iron Curtain Winston Churchill came to Fulton, Missouri.
March 5th, 1946
Claimed an Iron Curtain had descended across the continent

14. Containment George F. Kennan Keep communism in existing borders
Stalin wouldn't risk the security of his nation or power for expansion
Kennan believed Stalin would not chance war with the US
Domino Theory

15. Containment Video
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4 min

16. The Truman Doctrine
Both Greece and Turkey were struggling to fight communism
Truman asked congress for money to provide aid to these countries
“To support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure”
Truman claimed the country could not retreat to isolationism
Peace and welfare of the world was in danger
$400 million provided

17. The Marshall Plan George Marshall Developed a recovery plan for Europe
“Without economic health, there can be no political stability and no assured peace”
United States provided $13 billion in aid
Stalin refused aid to be sent to satellite states

19. Truman Doctrine/Marshall Plan Video
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4 min

20. EAST
WEST

21. A Divided Germany West Germany – France, Britain and the US
East Germany – The Soviets
The city of Berlin was an issue
Stalin wanted to capture West Berlin
Halted all traffic into the city hoping they would fall to communism
Wanted to cut them off from all aid
Was known as the Soviet Blockade
2 million people were faced with a shortage of food and supplies

22. Airlift Saves West Berlin
Stalin was able to stop all traffic, but….the sky
US and Britain supplied West Berlin with supplies for almost a year
Provided – food, fuel, supplies, clothing, toys and items the citizen would need
Stalin acknowledged his attempt to take west Berlin had failed

23. Berlin Airlift Video
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5 min

24. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The airlift showed that Stalin could be contained if the Western nations were prepared
NATO was formed – provide military alliance to counter Soviet expansion
You attack one, you attack all
Collective Security

25. Warsaw Pact 1955 – West Germany became a member of NATO
Therefore… Soviets and its satellite states formed their own military alliance
Warsaw Pact
All communist states except for Yugoslavia were members
Similar mentality – collective security
However, the Soviet Union continued to maintain control over its allies