1. Blood Ch. 16 Sect 3

2. Functions of the Blood
Blood transports substances throughout your body.
- transport O₂ & CO₂ (Respiratory)
- transports hormones (Endocrine System)
- transports nutrients (Digestive System)
- carries waste products (Excretory System)
Helps protect against infection.
- Protect against bacteria, viruses, fungi, & parasites.
- Repair torn blood vessels & heal wounds.
- Protects against losing too much blood.

3. Functions of the Blood Blood helps regulate your body’s temperature.
- When body temp. rises, blood vessels near the surface widens. This allows releases more thermal energy and cools you off. (sweating)
- When body temp. lowers, the vessels near the surface narrows. This reduces the amount of thermal energy released and warms you up. (shivering)

4. Parts of the Blood Blood is considered a tissue.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) – contain hemoglobin, flattened disk shape, body produces new red blood cells.
White Blood Cells (leukocytes) – protect against illness and infection.
Platelets – small irregularly shaped cell pieces that plug wounds and stop bleeding.
Plasma – yellowish liquid part of the blood that transports blood cells.

6. Blood Types
Blood type refers to the type of antigens (proteins) on RBC’s.
4 types: A (A-antigen, B (B-antigen), AB (both A & B antigen), O (has no antigens)
Blood transfusion is the transfer of blood from one person to another.
Type AB blood is known as the “universal recipients”.
Type O blood is known as the “universal donors”
Clumping forms when different blood types are received with different antigens. Ex. Type A blood receiving Type B.

9. RH factor
Rh factor – a protein found on red blood cells that is a chemical marker.
Rh +: people who do have this marker. For example A+ type blood.
Rh - : people who do not have this marker. For example A- type blood.
If a positive rh blood type is mixed with negative rh blood type, clumping will result.

10. Blood Disorders Hemophilia – lack a protein needed to clot blood.
Anemia – low numbers of RBC’s that don’t contain enough hemoglobin.
Leukemia – Bone Marrow Cancer (slow or no blood cell formation).
Sickle Cell Disease – RBC’s shaped like crescents. Prevent O₂ from reaching tissues.