1. BIG Transportation and Respiration Review!

2. Three major parts of the circulatory system
Blood
The fluid that serves as the medium of transport
Blood vessels
A system of channels that conduct the blood through the body
Heart
A pump that keeps the blood circulating through the body

3. Components of Blood Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes
Makes up ~55% of blood
Dissolved substances
Proteins
Erythrocytes
40-45% of blood
No nucleus- Increased surface area
Leukocytes
< 1 % of blood
Ingest bacteria by phagocytosis
Thrombocytes
Blood clotting

4. RED WHITE PLATELETS Contain hemoglobin Formed in bone marrow
Carries 97% of blood’s oxygen
Formed in bone marrow
Large bones of the body- hip, femur, chest, upper arms
WHITE
NO hemoglobin
Formed in the bone marrow
PLATELETS
Formed from cytoplasm pinched off f bone marrow

6. Review!

8. Blood Groups ANTIGENS ANTIBODIES Marker proteins ON RED BLOOD CELLS
A, B, Rh
ANTIBODIES
Proteins produced by IMMUNE SYSTEM IN BLOOD
Produced in response to an antigen
Anti- A, Anti-B, Anti-Rh

9. Blood Groups

10. Donating Blood
Since Type O blood has no antigens it can be donated to all recipients and is called the Universal Donor.
Since Type AB blood has no antibodies, it can receive blood from all donors and is called the Universal Recipient.
Clumping/ Agglutination
When antibodies come in contact with the opposite antigens

11. Case Study
Bill has an immunodeficiency disorder that weakens his body’s ability to fight off infection. As his doctor you suggest a blood transfusion. Bill is A+.
What blood type(s) could you give Bill?

12. Blood Vessels Channels that transport blood through the body
Three main groups of blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

13. Arteries
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
Have thick muscular walls
Embedded with smooth muscle and elastic tissue
As the heart pups blood, the walls of arteries expand and contract helping the blood have a constant flow through the body
Diameter of arteries is generally smaller than the diameter of veins
Arteries do not contain valves

14. Fibrous Connective Tissue

15. Capillaries
Net of blood vessels that connect to arterioles and venules
Only made up of one layer of cells
Diffusion of material into body tissue:
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Hormones
Wastes
Spaces around capillaries
Interstitial fluid
Found between the cells of the body

17. Venules Capillaries drain into tiny veins called venules
Carry blood mixed with cellular wastes and carbon dioxide into the Veins

18. Structure of Veins Outer Layer Middle Layer Inner Layer Valves
Fibrous connective tissue
Middle Layer
Smooth muscle
Elastic tissue
Inner Layer
Endothelium
Valves
Prevent backflow

20. Heart

21. Aorta Right Pulmonary Artery Left Pulmonary Artery Superior Vena Cava
Left Pulmonary Veins
Right Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Septum

22. AV Valves
Tricuspid Valve – between the right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve – between the left atrium and left ventricle

23. Semilunar Valves Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Aortic Semilunar Valve
between the left ventricle and aorta

24. L R Aortic Pulmonary Semilunar Semilunar Valve Valve Bicuspid/
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid
Valve L R

25. Right-Receive / Left -Leave
Acts as a double pump
Right Side
Left Side
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs,
Pumps blood to the body tissues
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body tissues
Pumps blood to the lungs
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation

26. Cardiac Cycle Cardiac cycle
Complete contraction and relaxation of all FOUR heart chambers
Systole
Contraction
Blood Pumped Out
High Pressure
Diastole
Relaxation
Blood Flowing In
Low Pressure

27. Cardiac Cycle Atria and Ventricles relax (Diastole) SA Node fires
Passive filling of blood from Vena Cava and Pulmonary Vein
Semilunar valves closed – AV valves open - “dub”
SA Node fires
Atria contract (Systole)
Blood pushed into ventricles
AV Node fires
Small delay allows atria to finish contracting before Ventricles contract
Ventricles Contract (Systole)
Blood pumped into Aorta and Pulmonary Artery

31. Factors Affecting Heart Beat
Tachycardia- Heart is beating too fast (>100bpm)
Bradycardia- Heart is beating too slow(<60)
Drugs
Uppers= increase
Downers= decrease
Temperature
Increase in Temp =Increase in HR
Decrease in Temp= Decrease in HR
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide Levels

32. Blood Pressure
Systole/ Diastole
Hypertension
Hypotension

33. Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
Amount of blood in body
Heart rate
Size of vessels
Elasticity of vessels
Resistance
Distance from heart
Viscosity of blood
Stress
Diet

34. Respiration
Oxygen IN
Carbon Dioxide OUT

35. Structures Nose Nasal and Oral cavities Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi
Broncheoles Lungs
Alvioli
Diaphragm

37. Gas Exchange Inhale Exhale
Oxygen passes from ALVEOLI to BLOOD by DIFFUSION
Exhale
Carbon Dioxide- passes from BLOOD to ALVEOLI by DIFFUSION

38. Conditions Necessary for Gas Exchange
Thin walled alveoli and capillaries
Moist surface
Concentration gradient
High to low/ low to high
Adequate concentration of gas
Proximity

39. Types of Gas Exchange External Internal Cellular
Environment and respiratory system
Internal
Between blood and tissue
Cellular
Oxygen used to make ATP

40. Homeostasis Need oxygen in Carbon dioxide out Exercise Disease
Breathe faster – need more ATP- More oxygen in
Disease
Poor heart/ lung function
Need to work harder to bring in oxygen and get rid of Carbon Dioxide

41. Breathing
As chest cavity increases in size pressure decreases and vise versa
Inhalation
Diaphragm contracts- increases volume of thoracic (chest) cavity- lungs expand- pull air into lungs
Exhalation
Diaphragm relaxes- thoracic cavity decreases in size- lungs compress- forces air out of lungs

42. Diseases Blood Veins and Arteries Anemia Sickle cell anemia Leukemia
hemophelia
Atherosclerosis
Varicose Veins

43. Diseases Heart Lungs Heart Attack Cardiovascular disease Lung Cancer
Asthma
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Emphysema

44. Reducing Factors of Disease
Quit smoking
Monitor cholesterol and blood pressure
Maintain a healthy body weight
Control diabetes
Manage stress