1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 20n CLASS NOTES 16o
Commercialization
and the
Transformation
of the
Rural Sector

2. CH 20: Guiding Q
How is the geography of agriculture changing in the Third Agricultural Revolution, and what are the impacts?

3. Review: Difference between Subsistence & Commercial Farming
For personal consumption
Small farms
Common Methods
Slash and Burn
Shifting Cultivation
Labor INTENSIVE
Nomadic Pastoralism
Commercial
For sale
Large farms
Common Methods
Use of Biochemical fertilizers to replenish soil
Labor EXTENSIVE
Shifting Cultivation- Plant until land stops producing, then rotate the fields they cultivate in order to let the soil replenish its nutrients.
Slash and Burn- Burn down forest land or old crops to provide rich new soil

4. Commercial Agriculture Evolves
Feudalism
Industrialization
Imperialism – Seek Colonies & new land
Suitable Environments & plentiful labor = New farm types

5. Making Money Commercial Agriculture –
World markets for agricultural goods
Luxury Crops –
coffee, tea, tobacco

6. Cash Crops Non-subsistence Colonially imposed on poor countries
Sugar, Cotton, Tobacco, Indigo, Rubber
Plantation Agriculture –
Cash Crop grown on large estates (monoculture)
Poor countries need $ generated this way

7. World Agriculture

8. Areas of Commercial Agriculture
1. Dairying
2. Fruit Crops
3. Mixed livestock & Crop Farming
4. Commercial Grain Farming

9. Different Crops / Different Societies
WORLD’S 2 KEY GRAIN CROPS
1. WHEAT = Grown on large estates
= Mechanized methods
= Wealthier countries
2. RICE = Smaller land plots
= labor intensive
= poorer countries

10. Important Cash / Luxury Crops NOT Easily Mapped?
“ILLEGAL” DRUGS
Demand great in wealthy countries
Profitable for poorer farmers to grow
Poppy or Coca Plants
HUGE source of revenue for Poor Countries

11. Coca Plant Poppy Plant

13. 3rd Agricultural Revolution
Biotechnology
Agribusiness –
Large scale, mechanized, industrial agriculture controlled by corporate interests
Suitcase Farm – Grain farm no one lives on

14. Agribusiness Corporations

16. The Green Revolution (farming)
Higher yield crops for developing countries claim
Rice, wheat, corn
Adv. Farming technologies
= Increased Production claim
Narrow gap between pop growth and food need (Malthus)
Has it worked???

21. Frankenfoods

27. The Labeling Debate

29. CA Bill Defeated

31. GMO Banned Countries

33. CH 20: Guiding Q
How is the geography of agriculture changing in the Third Agricultural Revolution, and what are the impacts?

34. UNIT 5 OVERARCHING Q
How does the relationship with the land, both in terms of food production and habitation, influence a country’s decisions / actions?