1. Over 1 billion Muslims
85-90% Sunni (from Sunna)
10-15% Shi‘ite

2. Abu Bakr (first caliph, r. 632-634)
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (r )
Fatima Shi‘at ‘Ali

3. Twelvers (Ithna ‘asharis/Imamis)
‘Ali was first of 12 imams
Last imam disappeared in 10th century,
but will return as the mahdi
Widespread, incl. majority populations
in Iraq, Iran

4. Isma‘ilis (specifically Nizaris)
Living imam, the Aga Khan
Focus on inward, private faith
Vancouverite Isma‘ilis mostly
from India, originally

5. Sufis suf (wool)
Mevlevis

6. The “Pillars” of Islam Shahada (testimony) Salat (ritual prayer)
Zakat (alms tax)
Sawm (Ramadan fast)
Hajj (greater pilgrimage)
la ilaha illa Allah Muhammadun rasul Allah
(There is no god except God) (Muhammad is the messenger of God)
At dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and evening masjid (mosque)
mu’adhdhin (caller) khutba (sermon) minbar (pulpit)
mihrab (prayer niche)
‘id al-fitr (feast of the breaking of the fast)
‘id al-adha (feast of sacrifice)

7. Jihad (struggle)
al-jihad al-akbar (Greater Jihad)
- against self and evil, for faith
al-jihad al-asghar (Lesser Jihad)
- military action, within restrictions

8. Dietary Laws
Prohibition from eating pigs, some
other foods
Prohibition from drinking alcohol

9. Rules regarding art?
Interfaith relations