1. Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
Nutrients that Provide Calories

2. Learning Goal – this is a big one!
I will be able to explain key components of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

3. Functions of Carbohydrates
Main source of energy
Spare protein from being burned so it can be used to build and repair

4. Carbohydrates
Separated into two categories
Simple
Complex

5. Sources Grains (wheat, corn, etc) Rice Beans Sugars Honey Cane sugar
Molasses

6. Simple Carbohydrates
Sugars
Natural
Refined

7. Sugars (Simple Carbohydrates)
Divided into two categories
Single sugars (monosaccharide)
Double sugars (disaccharides)
Names of sugars usually end in –ose
Monosaccharide's are the building blocks of complex carbs

8. Monosaccharide's Glucose (also called dextrose)
Body’s main source of energy
Body converts other sugars into glucose for use by the body
Found in fruits and honey
Fructose
Sweetest natural sugar
Mostly found in fruit
Galactose
Not found alone in nature
Linked to glucose to make lactose (milk sugar)

9. Disaccharides Sucrose Maltose Lactose Cane sugar
Combination of glucose and fructose
Maltose
Does not occur in nature
Found in Barley and other starches when they are broken down
Lactose
Natural only in milk

10. Complex Carbohydrate
Also known as polysaccharides
Starch
Fiber

11. Starch Made up of many glucoses linked together
Found only in plant foods
Found in grains
Wheat, corn, rice, rye, barley, and oats

12. Fiber Edible but not digestible Fiber moves through the body unchanged
Two categories
Soluble (swells in water)
Insoluble (does not swell as much)
Found in dried beans, peas, lentils, and whole grains
Also found in the peelings of fruits and vegetables.

13. Fats (Lipids) Include: Fats (Solid at room temperature)
Oils (Liquid are room temperature)
Cholesterol
Lecithin

14. Purpose of Fats
backup energy source when carbohydrates are not available
Some types of vitamins rely on fat for absorption and storage. Vitamins A, D, E and K, called fat-soluble vitamins, cannot function without adequate daily fat intake
Fat cells insulate your body and help sustain a normal core body temperature.

15. Sources Margarine (Saturated) Butter (Saturated) Oils (unsaturated)
Fast foods
Baked goods
Meats (mostly saturated)
Dairy products

16. Types of Fats Saturated fat Mono-unsaturated
Found in animal foods
Some vegetable oils are high in saturated fat
Coconut, palm kernel, and palm oil
Too much saturated animal fat can be bad for you.
Mono-unsaturated
Olive oil , canola oil, and peanut oil
Poly-unsaturated (best for you)
Safflower, corn, soybean, sesame, and sunflower oil
Help reduce the risk of heart disease

17. Trans fats – terrible for you
Most come from hydrogenated fat
Artificially solidified oil
Found in margarine, shortening
Has a longer shelf life
Makes unsaturated fats, saturated
Should be less than 1% of your daily diet.

18. The Omega Fatty Acids Omega 3 Omega 6 a polyunsaturated fatty acid
Can help with inflammation, developmental disorders, mental health and cognitive aging
Most commonly consumed in fish, eggs, and meat
Omega 6
A polyunsaturated fatty acid
Assist with brain function, as well as normal growth and development
Can be unhealthy if too much is consumed

19. Cholesterol Found in animal products
High levels in blood can lead to heart problems

20. Protein Building block of cells Made up of long chains of amino acids
Amino Acids are the building blocks of your body and are found in protein

21. Amino Acids There are 8 essential amino acids that your body needs.
Isoleucine and Leucine – provide muscle fuel
Lysine and Methionine – forms collagen that makes up your bones, ligaments, cartilage and tendons
Phenylalanine and Threonine - help regulate mood, appetite, metabolism and sleep-wake cycles
Tryptophan and Valine - Tryptophan's primary function is to produce serotonin, a brain chemical involved in mood regulation; a deficiency of serotonin contributes to depression and anxiety. Valine is responsible for promoting growth, tissue repair and blood sugar regulation.

22. Function of Protein Protein is a part of every cell in your body
Build and maintain body tissues
Transport minerals, vitamins, fats and oxygen through body