1. Chapter 12 Crusades and culture in the middle ages
LESSON 1 – MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANITY
LESSON 2 – THE CRUSADES
LESSON 3 – CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
LESSON 4 – THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
1250AD World Population est. 400 Million

2. THE CRUSADES
From the end of the 11th century to the end of the 13th century, the Byzantine Christians and the Catholic Christians in Western Europe fought against Muslims in the Holy Land for control of Jerusalem and the surrounding areas

3. THE CRUSADES
The European Christians were anxious to go for several notable reasons:
Religious zeal: they believed God wanted them
to do it

4. THE CRUSADES
Adventure: wanted to fight infidels (unbelievers - both sides used this term)
Possibilities: wealth, fame or honor
Merchants: to establish trade connections in the east

5. THE CRUSADES
From a military standpoint, only the First Crusade brought any success at all

6. THE CRUSADES
The others were dismal failures The Crusades had negative and positive outcomes:

7. THE CRUSADES Negative Outcomes of the Crusades (for Europe)
Attack on Constantinople: (1204) Italian merchants wanted to injure the trade abilities of Constantinople because they wanted the market
They encouraged Catholic Knights to attack Constantinople*
This weakened the city and caused further conflict between the Eastern Orthodox Christians and the Catholics
More to the story…

8. THE CRUSADES
Negative Outcomes of the Crusades (for Europe) 2) Children's Crusade(1212): 1000’s of young people, even children were organized to go and fight in the Crusades Several boat loads were sunk and five ships were taken to North Africa where the children were sold into slavery

9. THE CRUSADES
Negative Outcomes of the Crusades (for Europe) 3) Strained Relationships b/t Christians and Jews: Christians blamed the Jews for the death of Jesus and resented that the Jews did not fight for the Holy Land They were falsely blamed for other things as well

10. Positive Outcomes of the Crusades
Access to the Holy Land: Christian pilgrims were permitted access
2) Trade increased: European merchants
increased trade contacts in the East

11. THE CRUSADES
Positive Outcomes of the Crusades 3) Feudalism Declined: Strong kings gained land and tax bases with many nobles leaving to fight in the Crusades 4) Nation-states emerged: by the mid 1400’s three strong nation-states existed – England, France and Spain