1. Volume 114, Issue 6, Pages 1268-1275 (June 1998)
Solitarial premotor neuron projections to the rat esophagus and pharynx: Implications for control of swallowing 
Delma L. Broussard, Richard B. Lynn, Ellen B. Wiedner, Steven M. Altschuler 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 114, Issue 6, Pages (June 1998)
DOI: /S (98)
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Schematic representation of the double-labeling protocol combining transsynaptic tracing with PRV and fluorescent retrograde tracing with fluorogold (FG) used to show buccopharyngeal PMNs synaptically linked to esophageal PMNs. PRV is transported retrogradely and sequentially from the esophagus to motoneurons of the NAc, PMNs (NTScen), and third-order neurons (NTSint and NTSis) as a function of survival time. Fluorogold is injected into the NAsc, the site of buccopharyngeal motoneurons, and transported to the PMNs in the NTSint and NTSis. Arrows indicate the direction of the transport of neural tracers. 4V, fourth ventricle; XII, hypoglossal nucleus.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Photomicrographs of representative tissue sections through the medulla, pons, and midbrain after a 72-hour survival period and PRV-Bartha injections into the esophagus. (A) Low- and high-power views of a transverse section through the medulla showing PRV-immunoreactive cells in the NTScen, NTSint, and NTSis after esophageal injection of PRV. The inset is a high-power view of the NTS subnuclei. (B) Pontine section with PRV-immunoreactive cells in the locus coeruleus (LC), subcoeruleus nucleus (SubC), and A5 region. (C) Midbrain section showing PRV labeling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (Pa) and retrochiasmatic area (RCh).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
(A) Schematic diagram of the NAsc injection sites in 4 animals drawn on a sagittal view of the NA. Each injection site represents the area of uptake of the tracer, which includes the zone of central necrosis and the surrounding zone of fluorescent brilliance. VII, facial nucleus; C, caudal; R, rostral; L, NAl; P, NAsc; E, NAc. (B) Photomicrograph of TXR-positive (PRV-immunoreactive) cells in the NAc after injection of PRV into the esophagus. (C) Fluorescent cells limited to the NAsc after fluorogold injection into the NAsc in the same animal shown in B. The circle indicates the NAc region. B and C are at the same magnification.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
(A and B) Set of low-power photomicrographs of PRV-immunoreactive (TXR-positive) and fluorogold-labeled neurons, respectively, in the NTS. In A, neuronal labeling is present in the NTScen, NTSint, and NTSis 72 hours after PRV injection into the subdiaphragmatic esophagus. In B, fluorogold labeling is limited to the NTSint and NTSis after NAsc injections. Note the absence of fluorogold-labeled neurons in the region of the NTScen (indicated by the oval). (C and D) The NTSint (enclosed by the box) is shown in high-power photomicrographs of PRV-immunoreactive (TXR-positive) and fluorogold-labeled neurons of the NTSint, respectively. Arrows indicate double-labeled neurons in the NTSint. (D and E) Homogenous cytoplasmic labeling for TXR and fluorogold in a single double-labeled neuron in the NTSint. A–F are at the same magnification, respectively. 4V, fourth ventricle.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Schematic representation of proposed brain stem neuronal circuit for modulation of swallowing. Note that integration of the two phases of swallowing occurs at the level of the PMNs through the axon collaterals of the buccopharyngeal PMNs (NTSint and NTSis).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions