1. Tanning your way to skin cancer…
By: Kaleigh Gottschalk

2. Introduction Did you know?..
Ultraviolet radiation delivered by sunbeds has become the main non-solar source of exposure to ultraviolet light. Indoor tanning has gained tremendous popularity since the 1980’s increasing exposure in northern Europe, United States and Australia (Boniol, M., Autier, P., Boyle, P., & Gandani, S.2012).
Most individuals feel that the benefits received from tanning beds appear to outweigh the risks of aging of skin, skin cancer and immunosuppression (Brady, 2012).
There are three types of skin cancer that can be caused due to indoor tanning that include: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and invasive melanoma (Brady, 2012).
Introduction

3. Why are we attracted to danger?
The tanning industry tends to use terminology that portrays safeness and healthy to promote tanning beds in a positive light (Boniol, M., Autier, P., Boyle, P., & Gandani, S.2012).
Owners and operators report tanning beds provide a "base tan" that helps avoid sunburn
Young adults are targeted and they find tanning to be attractive, they look better and feel better.
Young adult should be discouraged and restricted access to sunbeds by minors should be strongly considered
(Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013)
Are salon owners providing false claims?
A study found that owners and operators make frequent claims that indoor tanning provides health benefits (Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013).
Dr. Beatrice Secretan, The coordinator at IARC working group stated, “There is no such thing as a safe tan”.
Why are we attracted to danger?

4. Basal cell carcinoma: BCCs are abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin). BCCs often look like open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny bumps, or scars. Usually caused by a combination of cumulative UV exposure and intense, occasional UV exposure, BCC can be highly disfiguring if allowed to grow, but almost never spreads (metastasizes) beyond the original tumor site. Only in exceedingly rare cases can BCC spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening (Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013).
Squamous cell carcinoma: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers (the epidermis). SCCs often look like scaly red patches, open sores, elevated growths with a central depression, or warts; they may crust or bleed. SCC is mainly caused by cumulative UV exposure over the course of a lifetime. It can become disfiguring and sometimes deadly if allowed to grow. An estimated 700,000 cases of SCC are diagnosed each year in the US, resulting in approximately 2,500 deaths (Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013).
Melanoma: he most dangerous form of skin cancer, these cancerous growths develop when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells (most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds) triggers mutations (genetic defects) that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors.  These tumors originate in the pigment-producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Melanomas often resemble moles; some develop from moles. The majority of melanomas are black or brown, but they can also be skin-colored, pink, red, purple, blue or white. Melanoma is caused mainly by intense, occasional UV exposure (frequently leading to sunburn), especially in those who are genetically predisposed to the disease. Melanoma kills an estimated 8,790 people in the US annually (Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013).

5. Indoor tanning has multiple negative health effects for example, skin damage and cancers, possibly leading to death.
The impact of this trend on incidence of skin cancer is of concern, mainly because of cutaneous malignant melanoma, a cancer of poor prognosis when diagnosed at an advanced stage.
In 2009, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified the whole ultraviolet spectrum and indoor tanning devices as carcinogenic to humans (group 1).
Group 1 is a list of the most dangerous cancer-causing substances. Group 1 includes other agents such as plutonium, cigarettes and solar UV radiation.
(Boniol, M., Autier, P., Boyle, P., & Gandani, S.2012)
Negative Effects

6. !!DANGER!!
Remember the tanning mom?
If not, click the link below the picture…

7. Nearly 30 million people tan indoors in the U. S
Nearly 30 million people tan indoors in the U.S. every year, out of those 30 million, two to three million of them are teens
People who use tanning beds are 2.5 times more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma and 1.5 times more likely to develop basal cell carcinoma
An estimated 71% of tanners are female
More than one million Americans use a tanning bed on an average day
An estimated $5 billion is the annual revenue for indoor tanning
(Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013)
Facts/Statistics

8. A one time tanning experience increases a users’ risk of developing melanoma by 20%
In the age range of 18 to 29 year olds, 76% of melanoma cases were attributable to tanning bed use
Tanning bed users have a 69% increased risk of early-onset basal cell carcinoma
Tanners who use a tanning bed before age 35 increase their risk for melanoma by 75%
(Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013)
Facts/Statistics

9. Every year in the U.S. more than 170,000 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer are associated with indoor tanning
It is estimated that one minute in the average indoor tanning machine is twice as cancer-causing as one minute in the midday Mediterranean sun 
If tanners tan six times per year, their risk of basal cell carcinoma is increased by 73%
An estimated 25% of early-onset basal cell carcinomas could be avoided if individuals have never use indoor tanning 
**Click on the link below to read a true story on the negative effects of tanning
(Skin Cancer Foundation, 2013)
Facts/Statistics

10. What indoor tanning really looks like.

11. Tanning Myths 1. Tanning indoors is safer than tanning in the sun.
**The CDC (2013) states that, Indoor tanning and tanning outside are both dangerous. Although tanning beds operate on a timer, the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can vary based on the age and type of light bulbs. Burns still occur from indoor tanning and even a tan indicates damage to your skin. It is estimated that about 1,800 injuries requiring visits to the emergency room every year.
2. I can use a tanning bed to get a base tan, which will protect me from getting a sunburn.
**A tan is a response to injury: skin cells respond to damage from UV rays by producing more pigment (CDC, 2013).
3. Indoor tanning is a safe way to get vitamin D, which prevents many health problems.
**Vitamin D is important for bone health, but studies showing links between vitamin D and other health conditions are inconsistent. The CDC recommends getting vitamin D through diet and supplements.
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013)
Tanning Myths

12. Many Americans expose themselves to the dangers of indoor tanning
**Many Americans expose themselves to the dangers of indoor tanning. The largest population are females, ranging from
**It is very important for everyone to protect themselves against the harmful ultraviolet radiation. Finding alternative methods would be appropriate in protecting yourself from skin damage, cancer and possibly death. Alternative methods include spray tanning, lotions or creams to provide a tan.
**Routine skin examinations are encouraged
**All populations should be motivated and educated on the importance of protection and prevention and we should reach a goal to convince the high risk populations to reduce their indoor tanning use.
Click on the link below to read about real life stories….
Final Thoughts

13. Boniol, M. , Autier, P. , Boyle, P. , & Gandani, S. (2012)
Boniol, M., Autier, P., Boyle, P., & Gandani, S.(2012). Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systemic review and meta-analysis. Retrieved from
Brady, M. (2012). Public health and the tanning bed controversy. Journal of Clinical Oncology. Retrieved from
Skin Cancer Foundation Retrieved from
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Retrieved from
References