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Phylogeny Comparative Anatomy Biology Department Misericordia Univ.
Dr. Tony Serino
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Origin of Life (the primordial soup)
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Geologic Time Scale
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Pre-cambrian Radiation
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Deutrostomes vs. Protostomes
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BCL
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Echinoderms
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Chordates to Vertebrates
Living Examples (starfish) Pre-chordate Sessile arm feeder Bilateral, ciliated larva (BCL) Echinoderms (esp. crinoids) Hemichordates Sessile, ciliated arm feeder with BCL Gill slits for better feeding Appearance of pre-notochord Some metameric muscle in larva Hemichordates: acorn worms; pterobranchs Protochordates
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BCL
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Phylum Hemichordata Acorn worms (enteropneusta) Pterobranchs
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BCLs
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Subphylum Urochordata
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Protochordates Primitive vertebrate Urochordata: Larvae
Loss of tentacles Post-anal tail development Some metameric muscles Tadpole like larva; more time spent as larva Notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord in larva Urochordata: tunicates neoteny Primitive vertebrate All chordate characteristics present Development of kidney and other organ systems Extensive segmental musculature Motile filter feeder Cephalochordata: amphioxus
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(Neoteny)
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Subphylum Cephalochardata
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