1. Enzyme Catalyst (write on EOCT worksheet, NOT ON CATALYST SHEET)
**Turn in homework to blue tray.
Name the parts of a Big Mac. What macromolecules are these parts made of?

2. Objective 3 & 4: Skinny Wednesday
SWBAT differentiate between the four macromolecules (organic molecules)
SWBAT describe the function of enzymes and explain what scenarios denature them.
By the end of class:
“I can identify the parts in an enzyme-substrate complex”
“I know the common characteristics of enzymes”
“I can describe what activation energy is”
“I can predict whether a scenario will denature an enzyme and understand its effects”

3. Key Words Enzyme Active Site Activation Energy Chemical Reaction Rate
Substrate
pH (acid, base/alkaline)
Temperature
Reactant
Product
Denature
Optimum
Key Words

4. An EOCT Problem might look like this…
What is the primary function of enzymes?
A They keep the pH of the body within acceptable levels
B They make essential biochemical reactions possible or speed them up
C They enable the body to use energy to produce food
D They give cells the energy they need to carry out life functions

5. 4 Organic/Macromolecules
Monosaccarides
Carbohydrates
Fatty Acids
Lipids
Amino Acids
Protein
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acid

6. Monomers: Building Blocks
Each macromolecule is made up of different monomers
MOnO = 1

7. Carbohydrates: Starch & sugar
Monomer: monosaccarides
Function:
main source of quick, short-term energy
Example:
glucose, fructose, cellulose

8. Mean Girls
Uh….
Butter is a mixture of triglycerides of several different fatty acids which makes it a…

9. Lipids (Notes) Monomer: fatty acids Function:
Long-term energy storage
Makes up the cell membrane
Insulation: trap heat
Pad/protect organs
Examples: fats, oils, waxes

10. Too much ‘long-term energy’ stored up, not enough activity to use it all

11. Protein: Do work! Monomer: amino acid Function: Examples:
provide structural support
transport substances
speed-up chemical reactions
Examples:
Muscle tendons, enzymes

12. Kwashiorkor—Protein Deficiency
A disorder when a diet consists of excessive nonprotein calories (from starch or sugar), but is deficient in total protein and essential amino acids.
Characterized by generalized edema, "flaky paint' dermatosis, thinning and discoloration of the hair, enlarged fatty liver, and slowed growth.

13. Protein Example: Enzymes

14. Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Enzyme= proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being chemically changed
Substrate= reactants that are affected

15. Or you might see it like this…
You will have to be ready to read a variety of different diagrams

16. Check Your Knowledge Label each of the components of the diagram A= B=

17. Enzymes are like…a ‘Lock & Key’ (Notes)
Substrates bind to an active site
The shape of the substrate fits the shape of the active site
Lock=Active Site
Key=Substrate/s

18. Remember this??
Wall =
Hole =
People =

19. Characteristics: Specific (NOTES)
Enzymes can only chemically recognize and bind with a specific type of substrate
Ex:
ENZYME
SUBSTRATE ACTED UPON
PRODUCTS
Lipase
Fats & oils (Lipids)
Glycerol & fatty acids
Amylase
Starch (Amylose)
Maltose
Protease
Protein (Polypeptides)
Amino acids
Catalase
Hydrogen peroxide
Water and oxygen

20. Characteristics: Reusable (NOTES)
Once the enzyme releases the products, the enzyme is free to facilitate another reaction

21. How Enzymes Help: Activation Energy (NOTES)
Activation energy= energy required to START a chemical reaction
SHORTER hill =
Reaction WITH an enzyme

22. Analogy (Notes) Which would you prefer? Bigger or shorter hill?
Hill Height=
Activation Energy
Required
A= Reactants
B= Products

23. Smaller hill = Reaction with Enzyme

24. Enzyme Factors (Notes)
Enzymes are affected by… 1) Temperature 2) pH 3) Concentration 4) Surface area
HIGH Temperature and LOW pH (ACIDS) DENATURE enzymes

25. Mei/Mit Homework Answers
1. to make body cells
To make reproductive cells (gametes) 23 46
Left = mitosis
Right = meiosis

26. Mei/Mit homework answers
Mitosis
Meiosis
Asexual
Makes body cells
1 round of cell division
Makes diploid cells
1 cell -> 2 cells
Used for growth and repair
Keeps chromosome number the same
46 chromosomes -> 46 chromosomes
Sexual
Makes gametes
2 rounds of cell division
Makes haploid cells
Creates genetic variation
1 cell -> 4 cells
Divides in half
Cuts chromosome number in half
46 chromosomes -> 23 chromosomes