1. Audio/Video Production Producing A News Package 1Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

2. News Package Crew PRODUCER Has the final authority over the production Works well with others Instills confidence Well organized Keeps production on schedule Provides critique and encouragement 2Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

3. News Package Crew RESEARCHER / WRITER Searches for new and interesting story angles Communicates story in clear, concise, interesting manner Contacts experts, checks background information Gets all sides of a story Provides the script Communicates information to editor 3Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

4. News Package Crew REPORTER Speaks clearly Communicates to audience Communicates to those involved in production Communicates interest and enthusiasm for the story Guides uncomfortable on-camera people 4Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

5. News Package Crew VIDEOGRAPHER Technical know-how Gathers and transports equipment Organized Anticipates problems Artistic eye Ensures visual appeal of shots Varies composition to hold interest 5Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

6. News Package Crew EDITOR Technical skills Artistic eye Turns video and audio into seamless story Pays attention to details Insures voice-overs reinforce visuals 6Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

7. Steps to Producing a News Package Determine the focus Gather background information Write the interview questions you need answered on camera Write a preliminary script Prepare a list of all B-roll video needed Record interviews 7Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

8. Steps to Producing a News Package Record B-roll Log footage Rewrite script Include: voice-over (VO), interview sound bites verbatim, natural sound and video that will be used without a VO Record reporter s VO Edit A-roll Include: VO, video/audio from stand-ups, video/audio for sound bites 8Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

9. Steps to Producing a News Package Sound bites S hould be of equal quality from equally knowledgeable and charismatic sources Usually less than ten seconds 9Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Edit B-roll Video must match and reinforce audio B-roll includes video and natural sound Natural sound should be under VO Adds to, doesn t distract from VO

10. The Interview Most common technique used by reporters to get information Get all sides of the story Interview as many people as necessary Go to the primary source 10Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

11. The Interview May be a quick telephone call, ten minute interview, or two-hour talk Get permission to record before the interview Confirm your appointment on day of the interview Be courteous and well mannered 11Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

12. During the Interview Identify yourself as a reporter Dress appropriately Take notes even if you are recording Be on time Build rapport Be polite and friendly 12Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

13. During the Interview Get to know the interviewee Establish eye contact Conduct a good interview Ask one question at a time Start with easy questions Double-check information 13Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

14. During the Interview Get the person s opinion and reasons for it Get sound bites Open-ended questions yield better sound bites Listen actively, look interested Listen to the answers Use part of, or refer to, the answer in the next question 14Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

15. During the Interview Let the interviewee answer the questions Provide adequate wait and thinking time Do not interrupt an answer 15Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Phrase follow-up questions as open-ended questions Ask follow-up questions Do not argue with interviewee or insert your opinion

16. Before You Leave Get exact spellings of names and titles Ask the interviewee to spell and say his or her name Verify or ask the persons title or grade Say that you may need to call back Thank the interviewee before you leave 16Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

17. Recording the Interview 17Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Use basic camera care to ensure the best possible camera operation Be cautious when going from an air-conditioned room to a humid place; moisture can form in the camera Record before your first shot so you have ample pre-roll time Use a tripod

18. Recording the Interview 18Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Keep the camera at the interviewee s eye level The reporter should stand or sit beside the camera The interviewee should look at the reporter The reporter should be at the interviewee s eye level Get a tight shot of the intervieweegenerally a medium close-up (MCU) or close-up (CU)

19. Recording the Interview Compose the shot so you can see both of the interviewee s eyes Avoid profiles Get appropriate lead room Get appropriate head room Move the camera for a purpose When a person moves, move the camera or zoom to compensate 19Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

20. Recording the Interview Vary the angle or type of shot in lengthy interviews Most interview shots are stationary 20Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

21. B-roll Pictures tell the story Try to anticipate the action Record the action of the event and reactions to the event Move in close to get the sounds of the event 21Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

22. B-roll Get a variety of shots Need wide, medium, close-up, and extreme close-ups Wide shots: show perspective and relationship Close-ups: show feelings and details 22Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

23. B-roll Use a tripod when possible Allow action to move into and out of the frame Get stationary shots Avoid excessive panning and zooming Get more shots than you think you ll need Record each shot long enough for it to be usable in the package 23Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

24. Audio Considerations The reporter holds the microphone Do not let the interviewee hold or take the microphone Check the microphone position in the shot The mic should not block the interviewee s mouth Keep the microphone in front of the interviewee, even while the reporter is asking questions 24 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

25. Audio Considerations Monitor the audio with headphones or built in speaker Check the VU meter on the camera The microphone should not be a distraction Hide the cord on a lavaliere microphone Use a windscreen when recording outdoors Listen for noises - try to wait for the noise to pass before recording 25Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

26. After the Interview Follow basic camera-use procedures to preserve your interview Do not accidentally erase what you just recorded If using tape, follow basic tape care procedures to preserve your interview: Wait until mechanisms have stopped before pressing eject (the tape moves when you press eject) Heat can damage tape; do not leave in car Keep tape in protective case Store vertically 26Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.