1. Goals of tutorial Introduce NMRbox platform
Showcase NMRbox with NUS tools
A dozen different NUS processing tools installed and configured – more coming.
Demonstrate potential of NMRbox
Now that the platform is maturing we can focus attention to enhancing tools, providing training materials, etc.
Wrapping NUS processing tools into nmrDraw processing mode, NMRFx-Processor, Connjur Workflow Builder
Learn some information about NUS
NUS can improve:
Time – if there is sensitivity to spare
Resolution – Collect to longer time increments without increased experiment time
Sensitivity per unit time – Focus more sampling on early points with smaller time increments without sacrificing resolution

2. NUS Processing Tools in NMRbox
MaxEnt (RNMRTK)
Cambridge CS
LONER (RNMRTK)
SEER
hmsIST
nmr_wash (SCRUB)
NMRPipe IST
nmr_wash (CLEAN)
NESTA-NMR
CAMERA (MaxEnt)
NMRPipe NESTA
NMRFx-Processor IST
SMILE
NMRFx-Processor NESTA
MDD
MDD compressed sensing
Items in green are now implemented in the processing mode of NMRDraw

3. Differences in NUS techniques
maxent & loner: Output frequency – no DFT of indirect dimensions
scrub & clean: Start with nuDFT spectrum and scrub sampling artifacts
hmsIST, NMRPipe-IST, CAMERA, NESTA-NMR, SMILE, NMRFX-Processor IST & NESTA, MDD & MDD-CS,:“fill-in” missing time domain data – data processed with DFT afterwards
Keep or replace experimental data?
Phases: Some tools are independent of phase, some need to know the phase during reconstruction, and some will not work properly with a first order phase correction.
Extending data beyond last collected point
Deconvolution: MaxEnt can deconvolve linewidth and J-couplings
Non-linearity

4. HNCACB Sample Schedule Point Spread Function

5. Processing HNCACB-nus
Before starting – Copy the NUS-processing directory to /scratch/username
cp -r NUS-processing /scratch/username
Example: cp -r NUS-processing /scratch/mmaciejewski
All processing should be done in /scratch for better performance.
“cd NUS-processing/HNCACB-nus”
“bruker”
Check “Run NMRDraw in Process Mode After Conversion”
Select “Read Parameters” button
Select “Save Script” button and press “Continue”
Press “Quit”
“more fid.com”
Script uses nusExpand to expand the NUS data to a full uniform data set with zeros filling in for the missing data
“./fix-fid.com”
Script adds “-extranus” to the end of the nmrDraw line and uncomments the nmrDraw command
“./fid.com”
Data is converted and opened in NMRDraw window in process mode

6. Processing HNCACB-nus
In the NMRDraw processing window
Press “Update” and “Execute FT” buttons
Press “h” to get horizontal slice and move to intense peak
Adjust P0 to phase peak (should be close to 90.0)
Press “Update” and “Execute FT” buttons again
Press “Show XY”, “Show XZ” buttons.
In 15N and 13C dimension signals are pushed to the outside of the spectrum
Check “Rotate Halves (-alt) in both 15N and 13C dimension to fix
Check “Exchange Y and Z Axis” checkbox to put 13C along y axis
Peaks are now centered, but 15N dimension is reversed
Check “Reverse (-neg) in 15N
Add 9.5ppm for “Region Start” and 6.5ppm for “Region End”
Spectrum should now be processed with correct FT parameters and phases.
Of course, window functions, solvent suppression, ZF size, and baseline correction can also be tweaked, but for demo we will keep things simple.

7. Processing HNCACB-nus
Now let’s process with NUS Reconstruction techniques
Select “SMILE” form “NUS Reconstruction” pull-down menu (use right mouse button)
Deselect “Extrapolate”
Press “Update” and “Execute NUS”
Press the “Show NUS” buttons to view 3D and 2D projections
Repeat for “NIH NESTA” and “RNMRTK MEM” NOTE: Be sure to deselect “Extrapolate” for RNMRTK MEM due to bug that will be fixed in next release.
We can compare all three NUS reconstructions as a strip plot by pressing the “Strips” button.
You can adjust the contour level by pressing the HN/15N labels at the bottom of any given strip and scrolling with the scroll button of a mouse.

8. Auto MaxEnt Reconstruction Workflow
The maximum entropy algorithm in RNMRTK has three adjustable parameters; def, aim, and lambda. Data can be processed with constant aim mode or constant lambda mode.
Workflow for 3D processing with msa2d
Choose Def and Aim (Based on empirical noise)
Process spectrum in Constant Aim mode
Look up the converged Lambda value
Process the whole dataset in Constant Lambda mode
Choosing def and aim
aim should be a small integer multiple of the rms noise in the data
def should be a value smaller than that of the smallest expected peak
too small and the baseline noise distribution becomes “spikey”
too large and the noise level will be too high
lambda is determined by running a preliminary calculation in constant aim mode to determine the converged lambda value
automated – Determing def, aim, and lambda now automated

9. Exercises
Generate quality sample schedules and process a HNCACB, 15N-NOESYHSQC, and HNCO each collected with uniform sampling, but which can be down-sampled to test different sample schedules.
What are the qualities that will make a good sample schedule?
Any bias, number of elements in the sample schedule, gap sizes?
Do the different data sets require different sample schedule sizes?
Who can do the best with the least?
Feel free to use SMILE, NESTA, or RNMRTK MEM (MaxEnt). I would avoid IST as it is slow in the current incarnation of NMRPipe.

10. Exercises Workflow for HNCACB-try-nus (Bruker)
“cp -r HNCACB-try-nus HNCACB-unique-name” Ex: cp -r HNCACB-try-nus HNCACB-test1
“cd HNCACB-unique-name” Ex: “cd HNCACB-test-1”
Create a zero-indexed sample schedule named nuslist being careful to not exceed the maximum collected increments which are 32 in t1 and 64 in t2.
Note: Thus the sample schedule, being zero indexed, cannot exceed 31 or 63 in t1 and t2 respectively
Uniform DFT is already present and named uniform-* for comparison.
“./make-nus.com”
Use the “bruker” command and follow the general procedure for the HNCACB-nus experiment to process the spectra.
For speed follow these guidelines
Stick with single zero fill
Turn off extrapolation
Extract 10.6ppm to 6.6ppm
Use -neg, -alt in both dimensions
p0 along t3 = All others phases are 0.0
Exchange y and z axis

11. Exercises Workflow for 15N-NOESYHSQC-try-nus (Varian)
For each sample schedule:
“cp -r 15N-NOESYHSQC-try-nus 15N-NOESYHSQC-unique-name”
“cd HNCACB-unique-name”
Create a zero-indexed sample schedule named sampling.sch being careful to not exceed the maximum collected increments which are 180 in t1 and 70 in t2.
Note: Thus the sample schedule, being zero indexed, cannot exceed 179 or 69 in t1 and t2 respectively
Uniform DFT is already present and named uniform-* for comparison.
“./make-nus.com”
Use the “varian” command and follow the general procedure for the HNCACB-nus experiment to process the spectra.
For speed follow these guidelines
Stick with single zero fill
Turn off extrapolation
Extract 9.6ppm to 7.0ppm
p0 along t3 = All others phases are 0.0
p0 along t1 = 44.8 except RNMRTK MEM where is should be -45.2

12. Exercises
The HNCO is designed for rapid testing of sample schedules. Rather than creating a sample schedule, down-sampling, converting to NMRPipe, and then manual processing with nmrDraw processing window, the HNCO can be simply processed following the directions below …
“cd HNCO-try-nus”
The HNCO was run with t1 and t2 collected out to 128 points.
“./rnmrtk.com” will process the uniform data set with DFT for comparison. Files are saved with ft-.
Create a sample schedule that is one indexed and does not exceed 128 in t1 or t2
“./msa2d.com SampleSchedule.scd BaseOutputName”
SampleSchedule.scd and BaseOutputName names are your choice.
After running the data will be saved with the filename Base_output_name.ft3
Data is also processed with a nuDFT for comparison