1. Heating the Earth Investigation 4, Part 1
Heat Transfer
Heating the Earth
Investigation 4, Part 1
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2. Weather Report What are the main elements of weather? Pressure
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Pressure
Movement of Air
Heat
Moisture

3. Weather Report What are we finding the temperature of?
Air or atmosphere
Hottest during the day?
Afternoon
When is it coldest?
Just before daybreak
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4. Energy Source? What energy source heats things up during the day?
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5. Solar Heating Investigation
What happens to different earth materials when the Sun shines on them
Turn to “Earth Material Temperatures Lab”page 14 and 15 of your lab book.
Read the directions
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6. The Setup Monitor the temperature changes
Each group will set up four earth material containers
Soil
Water
Sand
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Air
Newspaper
Monitor the temperature changes

7. Thermometer
Make sure the thermometer is below the surface of the material in the container.
Why is this important?
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Water

8. Starting Temperature = 22˚C
Temperature change
Starting Temperature = 22˚C
After 3 minutes, temperature = 26˚C
26˚ - 22˚ = 4˚C
Temperature change is 4˚C
After 3 more minutes, temperature = 29˚C
29˚ - 22˚ = 7˚C
Temperature change is 7˚C
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9. Reading
Page 20 and 21
Read “Thermometer: A Device to Measure Temperature”
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10. Graph the Data Turn to the “Earth-Material Temperatures Graph”
Graph the temperature changes for each of the earth materials
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11. Graphing Reminders
Use a different color to identify the different materials (Include a key)
Start numbers at 0, 0
Make uniform intervals
Independent variable?
Dependent Variable?
Dependent
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Time

12. Did You Notice? Increased the least Went down the slowest
Water
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If each earth material received the same amount of solar energy, how can you explain the differences in temperature?

13. Takes 5 times as much energy to heat water compared to soil or sand
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14. Faster?
Same amount of heat energy is absorbed equally by all materials
Which heats up faster?
Soil
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Water
Sand

15. Faster?
Same amount of heat energy is absorbed equally by all materials
Which heats up faster?
Soil
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The solid earth materials heat up faster than water
Sand

16. Water vs. Soil Both absorb the same amount of solar energy
Temperature of soil will be much higher than the water
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17. Questions to Ponder
How did the energy get from the Sun to the sand, soil, water and air?
What properties of the materials do you think caused the temperature differences?
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18. Radiant Energy (a.k.a. Radiation)
Energy comes from the Sun
Travels as waves through space and air
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19. Radiation Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Standing in sunshine, you are receiving energy from 150 million km away
Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Visible light, Infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, X-rays, and radio
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20. Radiation Radiant energy strikes an atom or moleculeH
Radiant energy strikes an atom or molecule
Molecule gains energy and begins to move faster
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21. Molecular Motion Is HEAT More motion in molecules = the hotter it is
LIQUIDS
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SOLIDS

22. Differential Heating Different materials heat up at different rates
Accounts for the difference in temperature of water and soil
Soil
Water
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Sand
Air

23. Oceans and Lakes
Can store more heat than landmasses, even though the temperature of the water may be lower. Can store more heat than can land
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24. Multimedia
Show “Heat and Energy” animation on the Weather and Water CD-Rom.
Focus on energy transfer through radiation.
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