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AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 28n 20o CLASS NOTES
The Changing Nature of the Civic Experience
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Cities Expanding Shanty towns (Squatter Settlements) develop on periphery Illegal immigrants tend to cluster more in areas with own ethnic cohorts Safety, protection, language Push / Pull Factors!!!
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Informal Economy – recordless economy; no taxes paid
Selling, services, trading Adds up to a huge total in unrecorded monetary value – Not in GDP / GNP Remittances – Money sent back home to support others in poverty Sent in cash – can’t add into GDP
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USA Decline of the Inner-City
Agglomeration led to development Cities got too big, too costly, too congested– advantages lost Businesses moved to suburbs
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Deglomeration – Industrial De-concentration
Costs / Tech. advances Urban Decay – Abandoned, run-down buildings; no commercial activity How to fix this???
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Gentrification Way to revitalize the city center
Reinvest in the area – rebuild to increase land value and attract business
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Commercialization Redevelop an area to create a theme
Another way to revive city center Baltimore, Detroit, Miami, Chicago “Riverfront,” “Boardwalk,” etc. Build a new stadium, hotels, casino, park Attract weekend trips and tourists
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Old Pittsburgh Stadium
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What’s Different?
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New St. Louis Stadium
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Detroit
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Detroit Decay
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Chicago’s Navy Pier
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Old Chicago US STEEL South Works Site
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Site Razed
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Future Plans???
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Greenbelts In European cities (London)
Zone of preserved small town country land surrounding city London not flanked by zone of expanding suburbs (like US cities) City center size has remained the same
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Like USA “suburbs”, in Greenbelt, some business / industry does migrate to it, BUT…
Greenbelt does not yet compete with city like suburbs do
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Urbanization and Environment
Pros: Better Health Care Education Opportunity (women) Better paying job opportunity Living with modern amenities
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7 Concerns of Urban Impact
1. Hazards of Site – migrants living on land not meant to be lived on (stable) Risk natural disasters 2. Loss of Land from Expansion – Farmland Becomes Developed, farms lost
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Landslide
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3. Changed Land Cover – “cultural landscape” land built up
Natural runoff altered Rivers increasingly polluted 4. Impact of Pollution – Smog levels, water quality, land erosion
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LA Smog Layer
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That’s not Mist!!
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5. Production of Waste – Landfills full, burning Garbage, High cost to ship it out, Problem for someone else 6. Larger Demand for Water – Its wasted with convenience Toilet fill amount Leave faucet running Half full wash loads
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7. Changing Consumption Habits – People change way they live
Demand more food Use more energy Pollute more Use in Excess beyond NEED
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