1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 28n 20o CLASS NOTES
The Changing Nature of the Civic Experience

2. Cities Expanding
Shanty towns (Squatter Settlements) develop on periphery
Illegal immigrants tend to cluster more in areas with own ethnic cohorts
Safety, protection, language
Push / Pull Factors!!!

6. Informal Economy – recordless economy; no taxes paid
Selling, services, trading
Adds up to a huge total in unrecorded monetary value – Not in GDP / GNP
Remittances – Money sent back home to support others in poverty
Sent in cash – can’t add into GDP

7. USA Decline of the Inner-City
Agglomeration led to development
Cities got too big, too costly, too congested– advantages lost
Businesses moved to suburbs

8. Deglomeration – Industrial De-concentration
Costs / Tech. advances
Urban Decay – Abandoned, run-down buildings; no commercial activity
How to fix this???

10. Gentrification Way to revitalize the city center
Reinvest in the area – rebuild to increase land value and attract business

11. Commercialization Redevelop an area to create a theme
Another way to revive city center
Baltimore, Detroit, Miami, Chicago
“Riverfront,” “Boardwalk,” etc.
Build a new stadium, hotels, casino, park
Attract weekend trips and tourists

14. Old Pittsburgh Stadium

15. What’s Different?

17. New St. Louis Stadium

18. Detroit

19. Detroit Decay

25. Chicago’s Navy Pier

27. Old Chicago US STEEL South Works Site

28. Site Razed

29. Future Plans???

30. Greenbelts In European cities (London)
Zone of preserved small town country land surrounding city
London not flanked by zone of expanding suburbs (like US cities)
City center size has remained the same

33. Like USA “suburbs”, in Greenbelt, some business / industry does migrate to it, BUT…
Greenbelt does not yet compete with city like suburbs do

34. Urbanization and Environment
Pros:
Better Health Care
Education Opportunity (women)
Better paying job opportunity
Living with modern amenities

35. 7 Concerns of Urban Impact
1. Hazards of Site – migrants living on land not meant to be lived on (stable)
Risk natural disasters
2. Loss of Land from Expansion – Farmland Becomes Developed, farms lost

36. Landslide

37. 3. Changed Land Cover – “cultural landscape” land built up
Natural runoff altered
Rivers increasingly polluted
4. Impact of Pollution – Smog levels, water quality, land erosion

38. LA Smog Layer

40. That’s not Mist!!

41. 5. Production of Waste – Landfills full, burning Garbage, High cost to ship it out, Problem for someone else
6. Larger Demand for Water – Its wasted with convenience
Toilet fill amount
Leave faucet running
Half full wash loads

43. 7. Changing Consumption Habits – People change way they live
Demand more food
Use more energy
Pollute more
Use in Excess beyond NEED