1. Figure Number: 22-00CO
Title: Alpha and Beta d-Glucose
Caption: Electrostatic potential maps of alpha and beta d-glucose.
Notes: Alpha d-glucose is the monomer used by nature to make a wide variety of carbohydrate polymers, including starches and glycogen in the liver. Nature makes cellulose from beta d-glucose.

2. Figure Number: UN
Title: d-Glucose and d-Fructose
Caption: Space-filling models of d-glucose and d-fructose.
Notes: Fructose is the sugar found in fruits, and glucose is blood sugar.

3. Figure Number: UN
Title: Maltose
Caption: Ball-and-stick model and chair conformation of the disaccharide maltose.
Notes: Maltose is made from two d-glucose molecules covalently bonded together via an a-1,4-glycosidic linkage.

4. Figure Number: UN
Title: Cellobiose
Caption: Ball-and-stick model and chair conformation of the disaccharide cellobiose.
Notes: Cellobiose is made from two d-glucose molecules covalently bonded together via a b-1,4-glycosidic linkage.

5. Figure Number: UN
Title: Lactose
Caption: Ball-and-stick model and chair conformation of the disaccharide lactose.
Notes: Lactose is made from a d-glucose molecule covalently bonded to a d-galactose molecule via a b-1,4-glycosidic linkage. Galactose is an isomer of glucose which has the opposite stereochemistry at carbon 4.

6. Figure Number: UN
Title: Sucrose
Caption: Ball-and-stick model and chair conformation of the disaccharide sucrose.
Notes: Sucrose is made from a d-glucose molecule covalently bonded to a d-fructose molecule via an a-1,4-glycosidic linkage. Both sugars are tethered together via their anomeric carbons. Fructose exists in the five-membered ring a-d-fructofuranose form when bound covalently to another sugar molecule via its (fructose's) anomeric carbon.

7. Figure Number: 22-01
Title: Figure 22.1
Caption: Branching in amylopectin.
Notes: Amylopectin is an insoluble branched polysaccharide. The carbohydrate chains involve a-1,4-glycosidic linkages, and the branchpoints each use an a-1,6-glycosidic linkage.

8. Figure Number: 22-02
Title: Figure 22.2
Caption: Comparison of the branching in amylopectin and glycogen.
Notes: Liver glycogen and plant amylopectin have similar structures, except that glycogen is more extensively branched. Glycogen branches, on average, after every 8 to 10 glucose units. Amylopectin averages about 22 glucose units between branches.

9. Figure Number: 22-03
Title: Figure 22.3
Caption: Structure of amylose.
Notes: The a-1,4-glycosidic linkages in amylose cause this polymer to form a left-handed helix.

10. Figure Number: UN
Title: Gentamicin
Caption: Ball-and-stick model and chair conformation of gentamicin.
Notes: Gentamicin is an antibiotic made from three amino sugar monomer molecules.

11. Figure Number: 22-05
Title: Figure 22.5
Caption: Blood type determination.
Notes: Type A and B blood antigens are composed of membrane-bound proteins attached to a series of sugar and aminosugar units. The outermost sugar or amino sugar units determine the blood type.

12. Figure Number: 22-TB01
Title: Table Configurations of the a-Aldoses
Caption:
Notes:

13. Figure Number: 22-TB02
Title: Table Configurations of the p-Ketoses
Caption:
Notes: