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CELLS Structure & Function Review
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters or leaves cell; What led to the discovery of cells? Microscope
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Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes
This storage space is a ___________. vacuole
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Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function
Tell the 3 parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle
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Name the Cell PEOPLE Robert Hooke German zoologist who
concluded all animals are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Theodor Schwann Robert Hooke
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Tell which part does it? Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes
Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________ Aids in cell division __________________ Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________ Makes proteins ______________________ Contains DNA ___________________ Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes Ribosomes Nucleus
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Name the Cell PEOPLE Decreases Rudolph Virchow
German physician who saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells ___________________ As cell size increases, surface area to volume ratio..? Rudolph Virchow Decreases
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Name the Cell PEOPLE Matthias Schleiden Dutch microscope maker who was
the first to observe LIVING cells ____________________________ Botanist who concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells ______________________________ Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden
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An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote
This organelle is the ____________ Rough ER
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Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell
Name an organelle that assists with movement Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell because it provides energy mitochondrion
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Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities
Cells that are more efficient tend to be what size? small
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Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center.
Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________ prokaryotes Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus
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Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made.
nucleolus Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ permeable. Selectively OR semi-
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ribosomes Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell. Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate fibers make up the cytoskeleton and are made of what? Protein fibers
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Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Rough ER
Makes lipids for membranes ____________________ Stores energy as ATP ___________________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes ____________________ Supports and protects plant cells ___________________ smooth ER Mitochondria Rough ER Cell wall
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A group of cells that work together to
carry out a specific function are called a _______________ tissue The size a cell can grow is limited by its? Surface area to volume ratio
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What’s the function? Make proteins support; protection
Mitochondria ____________________ Ribosomes ___________________ Cell wall __________________ Golgi bodies ____________________ Centrioles ________________ Smooth ER ___________________ burn glucose; make ATP Make proteins support; protection Package molecules for storage or export Pull genetic material apart during cell division Make lipids
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Cell organelle where cellular respiration occurs.
mitochondria This structure is a __________ flagellum
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Cytoskeleton or centrioles
Name an organelle that is made of microtubules Cytoskeleton or centrioles Attached or bound ribosomes are located on what organelle? Membrane of Rough ER
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Tell which part does it? nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella
move proteins and other substances through the cell ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________ Help cell move through environments __________________ Modify, sort, & package substances for transport _________________ Makes ribosomes ______________________ Control center of cell ___________________ Endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies nucleolus Nucleus
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Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- many, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer
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Short, thick outgrowths that allow prokaryotes to attach to surfaces are called?
Pili What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? Aid in energy production, ATP
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Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes
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Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells?
PLANTS Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts Cellulose peptidoglycan in cell wall in cell wall Big vacuole no vacuole nucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles
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Microscopes State an advantage of the electron Microscope.
magnify images 1000 times more than a light microscope What’s disadvantage of an Electron Microscope? Only views dead organisms What type of microscope do we use in class? Light Microscope State an advantage of a light microscope. Can view living or dead organisms
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http://users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma
Name this part. GOLGI BODY which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? mitochondria
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Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Where do the instructions for making proteins come from? Nucleus
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Tell which part does it? cytoskeleton flagella Central vacuole
Contains genetic info __________________ Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structures for locomotion __________________ Large storage space for water ___________________ nucleus cytoskeleton flagella Central vacuole
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Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes.
Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER. rough Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome
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Put in order of increasing size:
Organ cell organ system organism tissue _______ _________ _________ _____________ ______________ organ cell tissue organ system organism
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smooth _________ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape. cytoskeleton
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What is the function of the Rough ER?
Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body
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Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike?
Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes
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Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells?
Animal Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes No cell wall cell wall vacuole no vacuole nucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles Centrioles no centrioles
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Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances
for transport. Golgi body Which is older. Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes
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Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called
Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER
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A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote
This organelle contains the molecules for photosynthesis. chloroplast
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Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________
The many short structures on the top of this cell are __________ cilia Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ eukaryotes
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A B C D E A = ________________ B = ________________
Cell membrane Rough ER nucleus Golgi Body Mitochondrion
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Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells?
PLANTS ANIMALS Have cell wall NO cell wall Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts no centrioles have centrioles Big vacuole small vacuole
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What’s the function? Contain DNA; control center support; give shape
modify/transport proteins rough ER ____________________ nucleus ___________________ cytoskeleton __________________ cell membrane ____________________ chloroplast ________________ vacuole ___________________ nucleolus ________________________ Contain DNA; control center support; give shape Control what enters/leaves cell photosynthesis Stores water, food, molecules, waste Make ribosomes
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Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike?
Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes
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FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside
True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances
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Name this structure found in cell Phospholipids or Cell membrane
Phospholipids or Cell membrane Name this cell part centriole
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Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them
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