1. Cell Structure and Function
New Textbook Chapter 2-Pg.38

2. The Discovery of the Cell
Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.”
What is Robert Hooke famous for discovering? Cell Theory
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3. All living things are composed of cells.
The Cell Theory
Cell Theory:
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow
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4. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Nucleus – large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic information.
Prokaryotes – cells that do not contain nuclei. (Bacteria)
Eukaryotes – cells that contain nuclei. (All other organisms)
What is the difference from Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? Nucleus
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5. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Organelles – structures in a cell that act like “little organs.”
Cytoplasm – the jelly-like fluid where the organelles “float.”
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6. Inside the Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope – membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Chromatin – consists of DNA wrapped around proteins. “Ball of string”
Chromosomes – condensed string-like structure that forms from DNA just before the cell divides.
Nucleolus – structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
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7. Inside the Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear Envelope
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8. Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins! Ribs=Meat=Protein
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9. Ribosomes
Ribosome
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10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic reticulum – internal membrane system of the cell.
Lipids, proteins, and other products are made here.
Rough ER – has ribosomes
Smooth ER – no ribosomes
ER= Emergency Room=Keeps operations running smoothly.
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11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Smooth ER
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12. Golgi Apparatus – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. MAIL MAN
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13. Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
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14. Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes.
Digest molecules to be used by the cell.
Lysol- Cleans
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15. Vacuoles – store materials.
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16. Vacuoles
Vacuoles
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17. Mitochondria
Mitochondria – organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
“Powerhouse of the Cell!”
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18. Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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19. Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts – organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy. (Photosynthesis)
Found only in plants.
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20. Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
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21. Centrioles – help organize cell division. Not found in plants.
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton – helps cell to maintain shape, move, and move organelles.
Centrioles – help organize cell division. Not found in plants.
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22. Cytoskeleton
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23. Cell Boundaries
Cell membrane – thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell. All cells have this.
Cell walls – rigid layer around the membrane found only in bacteria, fungi and plants.
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24. Controls what enters/leaves cell, provides support/protection.
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters/leaves cell, provides support/protection.
Lipid Bilayer – double-layered sheet of phospholipids.
Two layers!
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25. Diffusion and Osmosis
Diffusion – movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration.
Osmosis – the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Water will move into/out of a cell to equalize concentrations.
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26. Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport
Facilitated diffusion – when the plasma membrane “helps” particles pass through protein channels.
No energy used.
Active transport – when the plasma membrane uses energy to move particles against a concentration gradient.
Uses Transport Proteins
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27. Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport
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28. Organization in Multicellular Organisms
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organism
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