2. 9.1 & 9.2 QUIZ TODAY THINGS TO KNOW SCIENTISTS AND WHAT THEY DID
ADAPTATIONS
MAIN POINTS OF EVOLUTION

3. 9.3 Taxonomy (Classification)
KEY CONCEPTS
Who came up with the classification system that we use today?
How does the classification system work?
What is Binomial Nomenclature?
What are the Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms?
Vocabulary
Taxonomy
Binomial Nomenclature
Dichotemous Key (classification key)

4. What is Taxonomy?
the science of classifying and naming organisms.

5. History
Aristotle – Greek philosopher developed first classification system – he based it on complexity of organisms.

6. History Carolius Linnaeus
– Swedish botanist who developed the classification system that is the basis for today’s system.
Taxon = group/category

7. Modern Classification
Based on a hierarchy of seven levels:
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
How can we remember this?
Kingdoms are divided into phyla, phyla into classes, etc.
Therefore, kingdoms are the largest groups, species the smallest.

9. Classification
Largest group
Smaller group

10. Modern Classification
All living things fall into one of 6 kingdoms:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
THREE DOMAINS:
Archaea #1, Bacteria #2, and Eukarya #3-6.

11. Binomial Nomenclature
All living things have a TWO-PART LATIN name.
Based on their GENUS AND SPECIES.
Scientific Name
Scientific Name
Homo sapiens
Canus familiaris

12. Binomial Nomenclature
The genus of scientific names is always capitalized.
The species is always lower case.
The entire name is either underlined or italicized.
Scientific names are important because all scientists understand them, regardless of their language.

13. Basis for Classification
Structure/Anatomy
Common ancestry of organisms.
Embryology – study of development
Biochemistry- looking at similarities in DNA or Amino Acids in organisms to see relationship.

14. Tools for Classification
Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism that can be used to help classify it.
AKA –
CLADOGRAMS

15. Dichotomous Keys
A tool used to identify organisms based on a series of questions. (2 types below)

16. Making a Bobblehead Dichotomous key

17. Six Kingdoms (day 2) All organisms are classified into six kingdoms:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

18. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Oldest Bacteria
Unicellular
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
Autotrophic (make their own energy)
Chemosynthesis:
Making energy from inorganic chemicals
Reproduce by binary fission
Live in very harsh environments

19. Kingdom Eubacteria Unicellular (one celled) Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
Heterotrophic:
Obtain energy from other source, by eating or absorbing.
Cause disease
- PATHOGENIC
What are the three basic shapes of eubacteria?
Kingdom Eubacteria

20. Kingdom Protista Most are Unicellular Heterotrophic or Autotrophic
Classified by how they move.
Eukaryotic (has nucleus & organelles)
Plant Like: ALGAE
Animal like: Protozoa
Fungus Like: Slime Molds
What are different structures used for movement?

21. Bacteria and Protista
Label the organisms below and indicate what kingdom they are classified in

22. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular (more than 1 cell) Eukaryotic
Cell walls (made of chitin)
Heterotrophic
Decomposers : break down dead organisms for energy
Reproduce by producing spores

23. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic Cell walls
Make energy through
Photosynthesis
Reproduce asexually by producing spores or vegetative reproduction.
Sexually - pollination

24. Fungi and Plantae
Compare fungi and plants in a double-bubble map

25. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic
Some reproduce asexually and sexually
Mostly mobile (can move)
Some Sessile - immobile, attached to one spot.
Ex. Coral, barnacle

28. Kingdom Animalia - Vertebrates
What are the characteristics of each group?
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals