1. European Exploration!

2. Starring… COLUMBUS DE LA SALLE VESPUCCI MAGELLAN DE SOTO CARTIER
HUDSON

3. Purpose Question: Who? (Who was the explorer)
Write the following question words on your paper. By the end of today’s lesson you will be able to answer these questions about the explorer. These will be collected and graded.
Who? (Who was the explorer)
What? (What was he best remembered for- greatest accomplishment)
When? (year of exploration)
Where? (area or place he explored/ who did he claim the land for)
Why? (Why did he go on this voyage?)

4. Christopher Columbus Early Life
Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in He went to sea as a young man. He made trips down the western coast of Africa, and north to Iceland. According to legend, Columbus sailed with a fleet headed for England in While they were off the coast of Portugal, pirates attacked the ships, and Columbus's ship was sunk. He swam to shore at Libson. He and his brother Bartholomew opened a store in 1479 in Libson. They sold maps in the store. Columbus's interest in maps lead him to the conclusion that you could get to Asia by sailing west from Europe. traveled a lot as a young man.

5. FIRST TRIP: Columbus thought he could get to Japan by sailing west tried to sail to japan by going west. He asked Queen Isabella paid for the trip pay for the voyage, but Spain was fighting a war and couldn't afford it. He waited for six years, and finally the war was over and she gave him three ships. The ships were called the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. He then and then he out for Japan. With no maps, the crew began to worry. They were used to seeing land, but now they could not even see rock. Even though the men got discouraged, Columbus kept telling them that land must be close. They sailed for thirty-seven days and finally, on the evening of October 11, they saw an island. Columbus told everyone to drop anchor. They were going to wait until morning to set foot on the land, but most of the men just stayed on the deck staring at the island on the horizon. In the morning they went to the island and claimed it for Spain and called it San Salvador. Sailed for 37 days without a map and landed in san salvador

6. SECOND TRIP: on September 25, 1493
SECOND TRIP: on September 25, This time he sailed with a fleet of seventeen ships. The queen sent men, to build a colony and search for gold. On this voyage, Columbus claimed forty-four new islands for Spain. When he reached the site of the fort they had built on Hispaniola, there was nothing there. When they went ashore, they learned that the natives had killed all of the settlers left behind from the last trip. Columbus started new colonies, and Spaniards continued to treat the local people in cruel ways. The Spanish settlers didn't like Columbus either, so they sent a ship back to complain to the queen. Columbus was forced to return to Spain to defend himself against the settler's charges. The queen only gave him a warning.

7. THIRD TRIP: GOT REPLACED AND THEN KICKED OUT
In 1498, Columbus once again set out for the new land he had. But Queen Isabella didn't trust Columbus as a governor, so she sent a new one. The governor didn't like having Columbus around, so he sent him home in chains.
FOURTH (LAST) TRIP: in He reached the coast of South America, and was confused. Columbus thought the only continent in the area was China. He thought that maybe this new continent was the Garden of Eden. He continued to look for a strait, or at least one of the golden palaces he had always hoped to find. He never found either one.

8. Columbus returned to Spain in 1504, after his fourth voyage
Columbus returned to Spain in 1504, after his fourth voyage. He was fifty-four years old. Even though he was in poor health, he still wanted to go out to sea again. Unfortunately, Queen Isabella was dead, and he could not find anyone to finance another trip. By this time, many people believed that a new continent had been found. Columbus, however, had never stopped believing that he had been to Asia.

9. Amerigo Vespucci

10. Columbus believed he had found a new route to ________________________.
Until the day Columbus died he thought he had landed in the Indies.
News of Columbus’ voyage spread quickly through _____________________________.
Other countries in Europe wanted to send ships across the ocean to find the _____________________.
Asia
Europe
Indies

11. Columbus curious route coast
Amerigo Vespucci, from the city of Florence Italy, did not believe that ________________ had landed in the Indies.
Vespucci was ___________ about these places and wanted fame for disproving Columbus.
In 1499, Vespucci sailed across the Atlantic Ocean on the same __________________ Columbus had sailed.
Vespucci sailed down the _____________________ of South America.
He was looking for signs that he had reached Asia, as Columbus believed this land to be.
Columbus
curious
route
coast

13. half coastline gold Asia
Vespucci did not see things that others had used to describe Asia, such as cities of __________________ and marble, people wearing jewels and cloth of gold.
He also realized that _____________ could not be as big as Columbus thought.
If Columbus has reached Asia, then that meant that Asia would cover _________________________ the earth.
Vespucci also noted that the _____________ was not the same as describe in Asia.
gold
Asia
half
coastline

14. Vespucci concluded that the land they had found had to be another continent, the __________________________________.
A German cartographer, or __________________________, drew a map that included the new continent and named the land after Amerigo Vespucci.
This is how we got the name for North and South America.
New World
map maker

15. Ferdinand Magellan

16. Ferdinand was born in Portugal in 1480.
In_________________, Ferdinand Magellan along with 5 ships left from Spain.
He had convinced the king of _______________ to pay for his expedition.
The reason for Magellan’s expedition was to find a way to reach __________________ by sailing west around the Americas.
He first sailed to _____________________.
He tried to find a river that would take him across South America to the Pacific Ocean.
1519
Spain
Asia
South America

17. They began running out of food while sailing.
Finally in 1520 he found a river which took him across to the Pacific Ocean.
Since Magellan was one of the first to find this, it is named the _______________________ Strait.
For 3 months, the ships sailed across the ________________________ Ocean.
They began running out of food while sailing.
Many of the men died from __________________________.
Magellan
Pacific
hunger

18. Magellan’s Route

19. In March 1521, the ships reached what are today called the ______________________ Islands.
On April 27, Magellan was _________________in a battle between his crew and the people on the islands.
In _________________, only one of the five ships that had sailed returned to Spain.
These men were the first to ever sail completely around the _______________
Philippine
killed
1522
world

20. Explorer: Robert La Salle

21. Background Information:
In 1673, the Governor-General of France sent an expedition of 7 men over to the new world to explore the rivers and lakes of what is now the Great Lakes region. They too were looking for the Northwest Passage.
Along the way, the explorers met many different Native Americans from this region. The Native Americans helped the explorers build canoes and taught them how to make snowshoes for walking in deep snow. The Native Americans told them about a big river to the west. They called it Mississippi, which means “big water”.
The Frenchmen were eager to use the river to reach new lands where they could set up trading posts. They were also hoping that the river would flow to the Pacific Ocean- the Northwest Passage.
As the group traveled, they drew maps of the Mississippi. After traveling almost 1,000 miles south the men realized this river could not be the Northwest Passage. They turned around and headed back north.

22. Facts about La Salle
Nine years later, a ________explorer named Robert La Salle set out to travel all the way down to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
In the winter of _____, La Salle set out on his voyage from the St. Lawrence River.
French
1681

23. He led an expedition of 20 French people and about 30 Native Americans.
To reach the Mississippi River from the St. Lawrence River, the group had to put their canoes on sleds and drag them over snow and frozen streams. They finally reached the Mississippi in February of 1682 and began rowing downstream.

24. Long live the king France
Two months later, in April of 1682, the expedition reached the mouth of the Mississippi river (into what we call now the Gulf of Mexico).
With excitement after successfully completing his voyage, the group yelled “_____________________!”
They claimed the entire Mississippi River (including all of it’s *tributaries) and all of its surrounding land for ________. He named this area Louisiana, for King Louis XIV of France.
*a tributary is a river or stream that flows into a larger river
Long live the king
France

25. At the time, Robert La Salle had no idea of just how large this area was.
This now meant the “New France” was a vast empire.
This “new france” ended up being the Louisiana Purchase that we’ll talk about later in the year!

26. Who was Henry Hudson Henry Hudson was an explorer
He was Born in England in 1550
Didn’t know what day he was born
Married a girl named Katherine
Got lost at sea in 1611

27. Henry Hudson’s third voyage
Sailed from England to the New World
Found the Hudson River
Sailed it and thought it was the Northwest Passage
Had to turn back because water got too shallow

28. Henry Hudson’s fourth voyage
Sailed from England to the Hudson Straight
14 men on his crew
Sailed into Hudson Bay
Robert Juet turned the crew against Hudson
Was never seen again

29. Jacques Cartier

30. Personal Background
Who was Jacque Cartier?

31. Sponsor
Jacques Cartier was sponsored by the King of France. In the French king sent an experienced sailor and navigator, Jacques Cartier, to find the Northwest Passage.

32. Motives Jacques Cartier’s motives… Spread Claim Land
Religion to find a route to Asia Find Riches
They where trying to reach China’s riches by sailing across North America.

33. Dates Of Exploration
In 1541, the King sent Cartier and some settlers on a third voyage, to set up a French empire in North America.
+100 settlers. After enduring a harsh Winter, Cartier and the settlers gave up.

34. Route Of Exploration
Jacques Cartier followed the route along the St. Lawrence River.
Claimed surrounding area for France
The next year King Frances sent Cartier back to map the waterway. Cartier reached the waterway on the Catholic feast day of St. Lawrence. So Cartier named the river the St. Lawrence.

35. Impact new land for France he made settlements
maps for the future explorers.

36. Hernando de Soto
Written and Illustrated by Phillip Martin

37. Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto was born in Spain, around the year 1500.  Since it was shortly after Columbus discovered the New World, de Soto grew up hoping for riches and glory as he explored new lands.

38. Hernando de Soto He got what he wanted.
In 1514, at only 14, he made his
first voyage to the New World. 
Over the years he helped
in the conquest of Central
America and worked in the
slave trade. 
In addition to gold, de Soto also searched for a passage that would connect the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. 

39. Hernando de Soto
When that didn't work out, he joined up with Francisco Pizarro, as second in command, on a trip to South America.
They conquered the Inca Empire
in 1533.

40. The conquest made de Soto extremely wealthy and
he returned
to Spain for a while. 
However, he had that adventure itch and eventually had to return to the New World.  King Carlos appointed him governor of Cuba.  And, part of his duties were to colonize mainland North America. Not to mention, there was still that elusive
passage to the Pacific Ocean. 

41. Hernando de Soto
In 1539 with 620 men as well as 220 horses, de Soto set out of a mission to explore the
mainland of what would become
the United States.

42. Hernando de Soto
As you might expect, the local inhabitants saw no need for colonization of their lands nor de Soto's brutality.  There were fights along the way.  But, de Soto and his men continued through what would become Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina and on to Tennessee in search of gold. 
There was no gold in “them thar” hills.

43. Hernando de Soto The expedition spent the winter
of 1539 in Tennessee and the winter of 1540 in Mississippi.

44. Hernando de Soto
On May 8, 1541, de Soto made a discovery that less than thrilled him.  He found the Mississippi River. 
It took his men over a month to build the necessary floats to cross the river.  But, once over the river and through the woods, the expedition was free to explore present day Oklahoma, Texas and Arkansas (where they spent the next winter).

45. Hernando de Soto
Luck was not exactly on de Soto’s side at this point in time.
Juan Ortiz, the group’s faithful interpreter, died, making it much more difficult to speak with the local people, get directions for travel and gather food.  
On top of that ...

46. Hernando de Soto
… while in Arkansas, the Tula people fought the explorers and took a huge toll on the already weakened men. 
If that weren't enough, there was a fever that
took the life of de Soto on May 21, 1542.
He was 42.

47. Hernando de Soto
De Soto told the Native Americans he was an immortal sun deity.  He hoped that lie might convince them they should submit to him without fighting. 
So, when de Soto died, that was news the explorers wanted to keep a secret. 

48. Hernando de Soto
Instead of burying him with any kind of pomp and ceremony, they wrapped his body in a blanket filled with sand and slipped it into the Mississippi
River under cover of darkness.

49. Hernando de Soto No colonies were established. No gold was found.
No elusive passage connected the two oceans. 
Half the men and nearly all the horses died. 
If that wasn't enough, the explorers left death and disease everywhere they went.  So, it should come as no surprise that the expedition was seen as a failure at the time. 

50. Hernando de Soto
However, de Soto’s trip provided information about the people living in the southeastern United States.  It was enough information for the Spanish to leave the area alone and
focus on
Florida and
South
America.

51. Can you name the seven continents?
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA
AFRICA
SOUTH AMERICA
AUSTRALIA
ANTARCTICA

52. Can you name the four oceans?
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean

53. Map Quiz
Number your paper from 1 to 11. Match the name of the ocean or continent with the number and write it on your paper. Use the word bank below. 11
Word Bank
Africa
Antarctica
Arctic Ocean
Asia
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Europe
Indian Ocean
North America
Pacific Ocean
South America 3 4 1 8 5 2 10 9 6 7

54. We live on the continent of North America
We live on the continent of North America. Can you name the countries on our continent?
North America

55. Canada
United States
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Mexico

56. The Countries of Europe
England
England
France
France
Italy
Italy
Spain
Spain

57. EXPLORER TRADING CARDS
For this assignment, we will be creating trading cards for each of the explorers we learned about.
Each card should include important information including:
name
dates of exploration
locations explored
home country
motives (why were they exploring?)
achievements and impact
important life information (birth and death dates, etc)