1. Optimising efficiency via design for good controllability under a wide range of conditions
40th OEWG - Workshop on energy efficiency opportunities
while phasing-down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Raul Simonetti Vienna, 9 July 2018
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2. Product-level: savings by EU’s Ecodesign
Saving around 16% of the EU’s primary energy by 2020 vs (est.’d).
From “Ecodesign Impact Accounting – Status Report 2017”, European Commission, 22 Dec 2017
Set of product-level, technology-neutral, energy-saving & eco requirements for a wide range of products:
Mainly minimum efficiency levels
Better insulation
Energy recovery
Modulation of output

4. Electronic expansion valve
They have a step-by-step motor driven by an “intelligent” controller to adapt the evaporating temperature to the actual need

5. Ejector: helps at high temperature (TC cycles)
TC CO2
TC CO2
TC CO2

6. Evaporative cooling
evaporative cooling: -10% to -20%
evaporative cooling
The evaporative cooling system can decrease the outside temperature perceived by the gas cooler by between 5 and 15°C.

7. System-level: savings
System = set of products working together
Buildings can be used as a good reference because they are complex systems where different products co-exist
Savings from any type of building by combining energy-efficiency measures (controls, sensors, and others):
16%-49% (Table 24 in “Optimising the energy use of technical building systems – unleashing the power of the EPBD’s Article 8”, by ECOFYS and WAIDE STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY LTD., 27 March 2017, EU)
23%-49% (Figure S.2 in “Impacts of Commercial Building Controls on Energy Savings and Peak Load Reduction”, by PNNL’s report 25985, May 2017, USA)
Note: ranges are wide because savings are difficult to estimate due to the variety of systems

8. Energy Management Systems (EMSs)
Monitor energy consumption and help improve energy efficiency
(IEA’s “Energy Efficiency 2017”, pages 74-78)

9. CONCLUSIONS
Efficiency of products usually is the 1st step: better insulation, energy recovery and modulation in various forms
Modulation also helps when changing refrigerants because the “intelligence” and start-of-the-art parts added to products allow to better adapt
2nd step is efficiency of systems of products to harness more potential energy saving (+ DSF)
3rd step is the EMSs, supervisory systems and IoT (+DSF) to pro-actively improve the performances of products and systems