1. Calculation of evaporative emissions with COPERT Giorgos Mellios
Thessaloniki, 22 June 2012

2. Further improvements to COPERT
Two main issues identified during the previous meeting (23.05)
Effect of ethanol on canister performance (working capacity and degradation)
Effect of ethanol on fuel permeation

3. Modifications to the COPERT model

4. Permeation emissions Non ethanol containing fuels:
0.6 g/day for fluorinated tanks (34 % of cars)
0.2 g/day for multi-layer tanks (66 % of cars)
Ethanol containing fuels (E5 – E10):
0.3 g/day additional emissions from the fuel and vapour control system
Other sources (leakage etc.): 0.3 g/day (depending on fuel volatility and temperature)

5. Canister efficiency No effect of ethanol on canister working capacity
Activated carbon efficiency decrease:
1% decrease every km  ~10% decrease over vehicle lifetime
No additional degradation due to ethanol (Swedish data)
Improved durability for scenario 3:
1% decrease every km  ~6% decrease over vehicle lifetime

6. Swedish in-use compliance data
Vehicle category
(engine capacity classes)
Average mileage (km)
Diurnal emissions (g/day)
Failure rate (%)
All (73) cars
44 581
1.74 30
Small (<1.4 l) cars
42 731
2.48 52
Medium (>1.4, <2.0 l) cars
45 131
1.59 22
Large (>2.0 l) cars
46 058
1.24 18

7. Modified purging strategy
Reduction of conditioning drive from 33 to 19 km
Scenarios
Baseline

8. Emissions calculations with modified model

9. Modelling of scenarios
More aggressive purging
Scenario 2
More aggressive purging
Bigger canister (size x 2)
Scenario 3
Improved durability (lower carbon degradation)

10. Input to cost - effectiveness study
COPERT model adjusted to simulate different scenarios
Simulation runs with modified COPERT
Calculation of diurnal evap emissions for baseline and 3 Euro 6 scenarios defined by the JRC
4 MS calculated so far (all EU27 to be included in the final dataset)
All years from 2015 to 2030
Euro 6 vehicle fleet population and activity data from EC4MACS
Estimation of environmental benefits for each scenario compared to baseline

11. Calculated diurnal emissions

12. Calculated diurnal emissions
Additional assumption for scenario 3: all cars equipped with multi-layer tanks

13. Evap vs exhaust emissions
Cumulative emissions over the period
Exhaust emissions calculated assuming an average g/km emission factor

14. Observations Significant emissions reduction potential
Carbon canister size seems to have the greatest effect compared to other options (i.e. purging strategy & durability)
No reduction in permeation emissions has been assumed
Ethanol is assumed to have no effect on canister emissions
Evap and exhaust emissions on the same order of magnitude for Euro 6 cars