1. Chapter 24 Section 1 Notes

2. Stalin and Russia Russia changes it’s name to the Soviet Union in 1922
1924, Joseph Stalin takes over leadership, created a total communist state
In “five year plans” takes SU from rural economy to major industrial power
By 1937, 2nd largest industrial power in the world
Eliminated anyone who disagreed with him, killed approx million people
By 1939 had created a totalitarian government, people have no rights, total government control.

4. Mussolini and Italy
Benito Mussolini works to create dictatorship in Italy
Country in upheaval due to worker strikes and class warfare
Speaks about pride of Italy and how he will make a better society, many like him
1921, establishes the Fascism in Italy
Believe in welfare of the nation above all else (including individual needs)
Power must belong to a single leader and a few advisors
Oct 1922, marches on Rome with his follower the “Black Shirts”
Had support of Army, Police, and head government officials, King of Italy makes Mussolini head of government
Soon he controls all aspects of life

6. Hitler and Germany
Adolf Hitler, served in WWI, joined National Socialist German Workers’ Party (1919) aka. Nazi party, does not have anything to do with socialism
Quickly rises up ranks of party to become the leader, Der Fuhrer
Mein Kampf (My Struggle), written by Hitler. He outlines his basic beliefs about government and life, becomes beliefs of Nazi party
Wanted to unify Germany (broken up after WWI), believes in racial purification (Aryans), dislike of “inferior races” (Jews, Slavs, nonwhites)
Great Depression Germany helps him come to power, brings hope to Germany people, he can bring jobs and prosperity
Jan 1933, appointed prime minister, soon dismantles government sets up Third Reich

8. Japan Militarists Military leaders trying to take control of country
Believed in need for more living space for growing population
Attack Manchuria, China (1931), very successful
League of Nations condemns action but does little else, Japan quits the League

9. Aggression Europe and Africa
1933-Germany quits League of Nations
1935- Hitler begins building up military (against Treaty of Versailles)
1936-Hitler invades the Rhineland (German border with France and Belgium)
1935-Mussolini invades Ethiopia
League of Nations does not stop either leader.

11. Spanish Civil War
1936-Spanish army led by Gen. Francisco Franco rebel against Spanish government
Results in Spanish Civil War (those that support Franco vs those that support govt)
US sends troops to help gov’t fight Franco
Does not help, Franco aided by other totalitarian powers
Franco wins control in 1939, sets up fascist government

12. US stays out Practices Isolationism, we don’t get involved
1933 US officially recognizes Soviet Union
Good Neighbor Policy (better treatment of Latin America)
Neutrality Acts (we will remain neutral at all costs)
1937 Quarantine Speech, condemn Japan for what it did to China.