1. The Growth of Fascism in Europe
Rise of Dictators
The Growth of Fascism in Europe

2. Communism Review!
Believed that social classes were the creation of evil bourgeois (merchants, businessmen, etc)
Encouraged the empowerment of the proletariat (working people)
Wanted to unite the workers of the world under this philosophy
Government owned and operated all farms, businesses, and social programs in the state
Who is the communist leader of the Soviet Union during the s?

3. Fascism in Italy

4. What is Fascism?
Fascism is a militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader
It is a totalitarian government (the government controls every part of the peoples’ lives)
Created by Benito Mussolini in 1922 when he established a fascist state in Italy

5. Why did Fascism Appeal to the People of Italy?
Weak political leadership in the past
High unemployment
Depressed economy
Disappointment with failure to win large territorial gains at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
Communist fears (the upper middle classes feared a Communist revolution, so they supported a strong leader to deal with issues that arose)

6. How did the implementation of fascism reshape Italy?
Used force to establish a dictatorship
Ended freedom of the press
Encouraged economic growth by ending conflicts between owners and workers
Disbanded labor unions (strikes became illegal)
PNF shield: Fascism protects Italy.

7. How did the implementation of fascism reshape Italy?
Killed political opponents
Abolished opposition parties
Mussolini believed that too many political parties would destroy any type of unity of the state
He supported a single party system lead by a strong ruler
*** By seeking military conquests, Mussolini hoped to regain the old glory of ancient Rome***
The March on Rome coup d’ État: Mussolini and the PNF paramilitary Blackshirts, October 1922

8. The Italian Empire (1939)

9. Nazi Germany and the Rise of Adolph Hitler

10. Who were the Nazis? Originally, a small right-wing political party
Believed that Germany had to overturn the Treaty of Versailles
Renamed the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi)
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in 1923 while in jail
Becomes the blueprint for the Nazi party

11. Quotes from Mein Kampf
“The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.”
“The [Nazi party] should not become a constable of public opinion, but must dominate it. It must not become a servant of the masses, but their master!”
“Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live.”
“Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all.”
“Blood mixture and the result drop in the racial level is the sole cause of the dying out of old cultures; for men do not perish as a result of lost wars, but by the loss of that force of resistance which is continued only in pure blood. All who are not of good race in this world are chaff.”

12. Why was Hitler’s Nazi party appealing to the people of Germany?
Promised to restore the law and order
Promised to improve the economy by breaking the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Lower unemployment
Reopen the war materials factories

13. Why was Hitler’s Nazi party appealing to the people of Germany?
Pro-capitalist philosophy of the Nazis appealed to the businessmen who feared that a communist revolution would leave them with nothing
Blamed Germany’s defeat in World War I and subsequent problems on “traitors,” namely the communists and Jews

14. Why was Hitler’s Nazi party appealing to the people of Germany?
Promoted German nationalism – Hitler’s theory of the “master race”
The Aryan race was superior to all others
Hitler advocated German expansion and to fulfill this, Germany needed living space
This “living space” would be founded in Eastern Europe, who people would be become German slaves
Hitler used this racist philosophy to justify acts of aggression