1. Warm-Up
Cowbirds primarily feed on herbivorous insects which obtain all of their energy from plants. Predict the effects on the cowbird population during a major drought and justify your prediction. (LO 2.3)

2. UNIT 4D
Yesterday’s Picture

3. Cladograms

4. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
Ice Age

5. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).

6. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).

7. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
Cladograms show speciation events (depicted by nodes) over time, beginning with a common ancestor.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).
Common ancestor of all animals in this clade
node

8. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
Cladograms show speciation events (depicted by nodes) over time, beginning with a common ancestor.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).
TIME
Common ancestor of all animals in this clade
node

9. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
Cladograms show speciation events (depicted by nodes) over time, beginning with a common ancestor.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).
The point just before a node represents the common ancestor between all species after that node.
TIME
Common ancestor of lizards, birds and mammals
Common ancestor of all animals in this clade
node

10. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
Cladograms show speciation events (depicted by nodes) over time, beginning with a common ancestor.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).
The point just before a node represents the common ancestor between all species after that node.
Synaptomorphies are traits shared by all organisms which come after the synaptomorphy.
TIME
Common ancestor of lizards, birds and mammals
Common ancestor of all animals in this clade
node
synaptomorphy

11. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
Cladograms show speciation events (depicted by nodes) over time, beginning with a common ancestor.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).
The point just before a node represents the common ancestor between all species after that node.
Synaptomorphies are traits shared by all organisms which come after the synaptomorphy.
TIME
synaptomorphy
Genetic/morphological divergence from common ancestor
node
Genetic/morphological divergence from common ancestor

12. UNIT 4C
Cladograms
Variation results in speciation: the generation of a new species.
Cladograms show speciation events (depicted by nodes) over time, beginning with a common ancestor.
The evolutionary relationships between a group of species is depicted on a cladogram (AKA phylogenetic tree).
The point just before a node represents the common ancestor between all species after that node.
Synaptomorphies are traits shared by all organisms which come after the synaptomorphy.
The outgroup is the species least related to the rest in the group.
TIME
synaptomorphy
node

13. UNIT 4C
CTQ #1
The following table lists presence (+) or absence (-) of traits of a group of organisms.
Based on these data, create a phylogenetic tree which illustrates the evolutionary relationships of the organisms. State which organism is least related to the other organisms. (LO 1.19)

14. Closure 4C The cladogram below represents a group of invertebrates.
UNIT 4C
Closure
The cladogram below represents a group of invertebrates.
This cladogram could be used to answer which of the following questions? (LO 1.17)
Which two winged insects are most closely related?
At which point in time did eight-legged animals speciate from other legged animals?
How does antenna length correlate with evolutionary relationships?
Which characteristics describe the common ancestor between vertebrates and invertebrates?