1. Computing Over Distance
Networking
Computing Over Distance

2. Intro
The Layers
The Types
The Words

3. The Layers How many – OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model
Lower Layers
Physical
Hardware
Network cards
Layer 1 Physical examples include Ethernet, FDDI, B8ZS, V.35, V.24, RJ45.
Data Link
MAC (Media Access Control)
LLC (Logical Link Control)
Layer 2 Data Link examples include PPP, FDDI, ATM, IEEE 802.5/ 802.2, IEEE 802.3/802.2, HDLC, Frame Relay, 

4. The Layers Lower Layers (continued) Network Transport
ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
Reports problems in transmission
IP – Internet Protocol
Sends and receives addresses
Does not care about reliability
- Layer 3 Network examples include AppleTalk DDP, IP, IPX.
Transport
Flow control
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
UDP – User Datagram Protocol
- Layer 4 Transport examples include SPX, TCP, UDP.

5. The Layers Upper Layers Session Presentation Application
Manages applications in use
- Layer 5 Session examples include NFS, NetBios names, RPC, SQL
Presentation
Translation of information
- Layer 6 Presentation examples include encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, JPEG, MPEG, MIDI.
Application
The final product
- Layer 7 Application examples include WWW browsers, NFS, SNMP, Telnet, HTTP, FTP

6. The Types
Ad Hoc
Bus
Ring
Star
Extended Star
Hierarchical/Tree
Mesh

7. Expandability
Cable Loss

8. Direct Links
Indirect Links

9. Central Connection
Connectivity

10. Scalable
Maintenance

11. Interconnected
Expensive

12. The Words Ad Hoc – Wireless connection between two devices
Backbone – The hardware used in networking
Bandwidth – The speed at which the network is capable of sending data
Bridge – The connection between devices; regulates size by making packets

13. The Words
Cabling
Cat 5 – 4pair/twisted wire; copper; current industry standard; limited to 10/100 transmission
Cat5E – shielded Cat5 cable limits electrical emission problems; able to handle 10/100/1000 transmission
Cat6 – Generation 6 4pair/twisted wire, increased speeds to 10G transmission
Copper – the wire used in Cat5,5E,6 transmits at the speed of sound

14. The Words Cabling DDNS – Dynamic Domain Name System Fiber Optic
Uses glass as a conduit
Transmits at the speed of light
Speeds up to 100G
DDNS – Dynamic Domain Name System
Service that maps domain name to IP address

15. The Words DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNS
Automatic assigns IP addresses
DNS
Translates domain name into IP Address, different from DDNS
Ethernet – Transmission medium (copper or aluminum/copper coated wire)

16. The Words Firewall FTP – File Transfer Protocol
The virtual structure erected using either hardware or software to protect a computer or network for unwanted intrusion
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
A list of instructions used to transfer files between devices

17. The Words Hop HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol Hub
Packet transition point between source and destination
HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol
A list of instructions used for standard web browsing
Hub
A simple device that shares bandwidth between all devices connected to it

18. The Words IP – Internet Protocol IP Address LAN – Local Area Network
A list of instructions that travel in packets; contains a header (source, destination, pertinent info) and the data
IP Address
Binary number that defines each device in a TCP/IP network
LAN – Local Area Network
Supplies network capability to computers in close proximity
Makes sharing resources easy

19. The Words MAC – Media Access Control
Unique address used at the data link layer to identify each device
NETBios – Network Basic Input/Output System
Protocol for communication on local networks; works with Ethernet and Token Ring networks
NIC – Network Interface Card
Network adapter hardware that can supports either or both wired and wireless connections

20. The Words P2P – Peer-to-Peer Packet Ping
Device communication without dedicated servers (client-server network)
Packet
One unit of binary data routed through a computer network
Ping
A utility used to test network connections

21. The Words Router Switch
A piece of hardware that joins two networks together
Directs traffic; determines priority of data
Switch
A piece of hardware that joins multiple computers
Broadcasts data only to device selected where hubs transmit all data to all connected devices

22. The Words TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Provides connection-oriented communication between devices in both home networks and on the internet
Token Ring
Maintains common data that continuously circulates through the network
Alternative to Ethernet

23. The Words UDP – User Datagram Protocol
Alternative to TCP
Most often used in gaming and videoconferencing
UNC – Universal Naming Convention
Identifies windows network resources by combining server name and share name

24. The Words URL – Uniform Resource Locator WAN – Wide Area Network
String of text that identifies a specific location on the internet
WAN – Wide Area Network
Group of connected LANs
WINS – Windows Internet Naming Service
Converts NetBIOS names to IP addresses

25. The Words Workgroup WWW – WorldWide Web
A collection of computers on a local area network (LAN) that share resources
WWW – WorldWide Web
All global public web sites on server computers and client devices
An open source