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Computing Over Distance
Networking Computing Over Distance
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Intro The Layers The Types The Words
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The Layers How many – OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model
Lower Layers Physical Hardware Network cards Layer 1 Physical examples include Ethernet, FDDI, B8ZS, V.35, V.24, RJ45. Data Link MAC (Media Access Control) LLC (Logical Link Control) Layer 2 Data Link examples include PPP, FDDI, ATM, IEEE 802.5/ 802.2, IEEE 802.3/802.2, HDLC, Frame Relay,
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The Layers Lower Layers (continued) Network Transport
ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol Reports problems in transmission IP – Internet Protocol Sends and receives addresses Does not care about reliability - Layer 3 Network examples include AppleTalk DDP, IP, IPX. Transport Flow control TCP – Transmission Control Protocol UDP – User Datagram Protocol - Layer 4 Transport examples include SPX, TCP, UDP.
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The Layers Upper Layers Session Presentation Application
Manages applications in use - Layer 5 Session examples include NFS, NetBios names, RPC, SQL Presentation Translation of information - Layer 6 Presentation examples include encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, JPEG, MPEG, MIDI. Application The final product - Layer 7 Application examples include WWW browsers, NFS, SNMP, Telnet, HTTP, FTP
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The Types Ad Hoc Bus Ring Star Extended Star Hierarchical/Tree Mesh
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Expandability Cable Loss
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Direct Links Indirect Links
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Central Connection Connectivity
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Scalable Maintenance
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Interconnected Expensive
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The Words Ad Hoc – Wireless connection between two devices
Backbone – The hardware used in networking Bandwidth – The speed at which the network is capable of sending data Bridge – The connection between devices; regulates size by making packets
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The Words Cabling Cat 5 – 4pair/twisted wire; copper; current industry standard; limited to 10/100 transmission Cat5E – shielded Cat5 cable limits electrical emission problems; able to handle 10/100/1000 transmission Cat6 – Generation 6 4pair/twisted wire, increased speeds to 10G transmission Copper – the wire used in Cat5,5E,6 transmits at the speed of sound
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The Words Cabling DDNS – Dynamic Domain Name System Fiber Optic
Uses glass as a conduit Transmits at the speed of light Speeds up to 100G DDNS – Dynamic Domain Name System Service that maps domain name to IP address
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The Words DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNS
Automatic assigns IP addresses DNS Translates domain name into IP Address, different from DDNS Ethernet – Transmission medium (copper or aluminum/copper coated wire)
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The Words Firewall FTP – File Transfer Protocol
The virtual structure erected using either hardware or software to protect a computer or network for unwanted intrusion FTP – File Transfer Protocol A list of instructions used to transfer files between devices
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The Words Hop HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol Hub
Packet transition point between source and destination HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol A list of instructions used for standard web browsing Hub A simple device that shares bandwidth between all devices connected to it
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The Words IP – Internet Protocol IP Address LAN – Local Area Network
A list of instructions that travel in packets; contains a header (source, destination, pertinent info) and the data IP Address Binary number that defines each device in a TCP/IP network LAN – Local Area Network Supplies network capability to computers in close proximity Makes sharing resources easy
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The Words MAC – Media Access Control
Unique address used at the data link layer to identify each device NETBios – Network Basic Input/Output System Protocol for communication on local networks; works with Ethernet and Token Ring networks NIC – Network Interface Card Network adapter hardware that can supports either or both wired and wireless connections
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The Words P2P – Peer-to-Peer Packet Ping
Device communication without dedicated servers (client-server network) Packet One unit of binary data routed through a computer network Ping A utility used to test network connections
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The Words Router Switch
A piece of hardware that joins two networks together Directs traffic; determines priority of data Switch A piece of hardware that joins multiple computers Broadcasts data only to device selected where hubs transmit all data to all connected devices
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The Words TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Provides connection-oriented communication between devices in both home networks and on the internet Token Ring Maintains common data that continuously circulates through the network Alternative to Ethernet
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The Words UDP – User Datagram Protocol
Alternative to TCP Most often used in gaming and videoconferencing UNC – Universal Naming Convention Identifies windows network resources by combining server name and share name
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The Words URL – Uniform Resource Locator WAN – Wide Area Network
String of text that identifies a specific location on the internet WAN – Wide Area Network Group of connected LANs WINS – Windows Internet Naming Service Converts NetBIOS names to IP addresses
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The Words Workgroup WWW – WorldWide Web
A collection of computers on a local area network (LAN) that share resources WWW – WorldWide Web All global public web sites on server computers and client devices An open source
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