1. Covalent Bond
IKATAN KOVALEN

2. Teaching Learning Objectives
The student can explain forming single-covalent bond.
The student can explain forming double-covalent bond.
The student can explain forming triple-covalent bond.

3. Covalent bond is a bonding formade as a result of sharing a pair or more of valence electron
Generally, covalent bond is formed by non metalic atoms.

4. 1.The formation of single-covalent bond
A single-covalent bond involves the sharing of a pair of electron between two atoms.
Example : 1. molecule H2
H x 1H
ev=1
H x oH 1H
H o
ev=1
H ―H
RM : H2

5. Example 2 : Molecule Cl2 Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl―Cl RM : Cl2 2 8 7 ev=7 2 8 7

6. Example 3 : Molecule HCl ev = 1 Cl ev = 7 Cl H―Cl H x 2 8 7 Cl H x
x H o o o o o o
17Cl
ev = 7 o o
2 8 7 Cl o o o o o o Cl o
H x o o o o
H―Cl
RM : HCl

7. 2. The formation of double-covalent bonds
A double-covalent bond is a covalent bond that involves the sharing of more than a pair of electrons between atoms. Example 1 : Molecule O2 x x 8O
2 6
ev : 6 O
O═O x x o x x x O x O o x x o o o o o x x 8O
2 6
ev : 6
Rm : O2 O o o o o o x O x o O o o x x o o o x x

8. Example 2 : ev : 5 N N N ev : 5 N N N N ≡ N Rm : N2 2 5 2 5 7N 7N x xo x x N N o x x o o x o o 7N
ev : 5 N o
2 5 o o o x x o N x o N o x x o o
N ≡ N
Rm : N2

9. Kerjakan pembentukan senyawa kovalen berikut ini:
H2O
CH4
CCl4 F2
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
h. C3H8
i. NH3