1. Stains

2. Cheek Cells Without Stain

3. Cheek Cells with Simple Stain (Methylene Blue)

4. Simple Stain: Negative Stain

5. Differential Stains: Gram Stain
Color of
Gram +
Gram –
Primary stain:
Crystal violet
Purple
Mordant:
Iodine
Decolorizing agent:
Alcohol-acetone
Colorless
Counterstain:
Safranin
Pink

6. Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

7. Prokaryotic Cell Drawing

8. Outer membrane
Peptidoglycan
GRAM NEGATIVE
GRAM POSITIVE

9. Capsule Stain

10. Capsule Stain

11. Figure 3.12a-c

12. Acid-Fast and Non Acid-Fast

13. Endospore Stain: Ziehl-Neelsen

14. Figure 3.12a-c

15. Endospore Stain

16. Stain Comparisons G+ (PURPLE) G – (PINK) ACID FAST PRIMARY STAIN
ENDOSPORE
STAIN
PRIMARY STAIN
Crystal violet
Carbol
Fuschia
Malachite
green
MORDANT
Iodine
Heat
DECOLORIZER
ETOH or
acetone:
Cell is purple
Cell is clear
Acid
alcohol
Water
COUNTER-STAIN
Safranin:
Cell is pink
Methylene
Blue
Spores are

17. Flagella Stain

18. Flagella Stain

19. Figure 3.12a-c

20. Names for flagella arrangement
Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous