1. The Reproductive System
JH-KEADLE
The Reproductive System

2. Sex Cells All life begins as a single cell
This cell was caused by the joining of two other cells
Egg
Sperm

3. Egg
Female reproductive cell
23 chromosomes (haploid)

4. Sperm
Male reproductive cell
23 chromosomes (haploid)

5. Reproduction
Process by which living things produce new individuals of the same type

6. Fertilization
The joining of an egg and sperm

7. Zygote
After fertilization takes place, a zygote is formed

8. Every sex cell contains chromosomes
Chromosomes carry DNA or genetic material
DNA controls inherited traits
Human body cell has 46 chromosomes
diploid
Human sex cell has 23 chromosomes
haploid

9. Chromosomes

10. The Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system is specialized to produce sperm and the hormone testosterone
Testes
Scrotum
Penis

11. Testes Organs where sperm and testosterone are produced
Made up of clusters of hundreds of coiled tubes
These seminiferous tubules contain sperm
Testosterone – hormone that controls male traits
Body hair
Deep voice
Broad shoulders

12. Scrotum Pouch of skin that holds the testes
Keeps the testes 2° - 3° cooler than the body temperature
Cooler temperature is necessary for healthy sperm production

13. Sperm Production
Sperm production begins at puberty during the teenage years
Each sperm consists of a head containing DNA and a tail for movement

14. The Path of Sperm Cells Sperm cells are produced in the testes
They are sent through ducts in the reproductive system where they mix with other fluids
Semen is the result
5 to 10 million sperm cells are in each drop of semen
Semen leaves the body through the penis

16. The Female Reproductive System
Unlike the male system, the female system is mostly inside the body
The female system produces eggs, estrogen and nourishes a developing baby
The female tract consists of:
Ovaries
Oviduct
Uterus
Vagina

17. Ovaries Located slightly below the waist, one on each side
Produces eggs and estrogen
Estrogen triggers female development
Breasts
Wider hips
Menstrual cycles

18. Path of the Egg Cell Egg is released from the ovary each month
Travels down a long narrow tube called the oviduct
Fertilization usually occurs in the oviduct
Egg travels down oviduct to the uterus where it is flushed when not pregnant and stays if fertilized
If flushed, the egg travels through the cervix and out of the body through the vagina

19. Oviduct
Ovary
Uterus
Bladder
Vagina

21. The Menstrual Cycle When born, a female has over 400,000 eggs
Only 500 of those will mature and ovulate
Each month, a woman ovulates an egg and sheds the uterine lining
The shedding of the uterine lining is a period

22. Stages of the Cycle
Begins when an egg starts to mature in one of the ovaries
Uterine lining thickens
Halfway through the cycle an egg is released, this is ovulation
The egg can be fertilized for the next
2-3 days

23. Stages of the Cycle
If not fertilized by sperm, the egg and uterine lining break down
The lining and blood pass out of the body through the vagina
This is menstruation or period

24. Endocrine Control
The menstrual cycle is controlled by the endocrine system
Estrogen
Progesterone
Prolactin
Girls start menstruating around age 10-14
Women continue to menstruate until menopause around age 50

25. Body systems that work with the reproductive system;
The reproductive system works with the respiratory, circulatory, and endocrine systems.

26. Comparing the Cell to the Body
Which cell organelle helps the cell to reproduce?
centriole