1. Negotiation of Meanings: Towards Discourse Competence

2. Communicative Competence
Communicative competence is discourse competence
Discourse is communication
Communication is an act of creating text (conversation, monologue, essay)
To create a text one has to negotiate meanings

3. Text is a semantic unit is meaningful makes sense
occurs in context of situation
Occurs in context of culture

4. Negotiation Negotiating means responding.
The responding act can be done interpersonally and logico-semantically.
These lie at the heart of communicative competence
These are the focus of language education.

5. Negotiating Interpersonally
Tamara is beautiful.
Subject Finite
MOOD RESIDUE
A: Tamara is beautiful.
B: No, she is not.
C: Is she?
D: Well, she may be beautiful.
E: She could be. People say so.
F: She must be.

6. Negotiating Interpersonally
A: Somebody broke my ruler
B: I didn’t do it.
A: Who did?
B: Somebody did.
A : May be Sam

7. Negotiating Logico-semantically
What is your name?
My name is Sekar.

8. Old and New Information
Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Goldilocks.
She was beautiful and very brave.
Near her house, there was a jungle.
In the jungle, there lived the Bear family: Papa bear, Mama Bear and Baby Bear.

9. Communicating Spoken Transactional conv. Interpersonal conv.
Short functional texts
Monologues
Written
Short functional texts
Essays of different genres

10. Genre
Communicative purpose
Text structure
Linguistic Features

11. Developing Competence?
Developing negotiating skills
Raising awareness of genres (purpose)
Making students speak and write with sense of audience (make audience understand what they mean)