1. IMPOSSIBLE?!?
“NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE! THE WORD ITSELF SAYS “I’M POSSIBLE.”
-Audrey HEpburn

2. CASE #4 Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex See Ch
CASE #4 Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex See Ch. 11 pgs194,

4. PATIENT PRESENTATION SIGNALMENT: ~8 week old intact, male kitten, DSH
PRESENTING COMPLAINT: mucopurulent ocular/nasal discharge, congestion, head shaking, sneezing, inappetance – has gotten progressively worse in the last week
Hx: owner has been feeding a family of stray cats outside her home. Several of the kittens look like this. This is the only kitten she could catch

5. PATIENT PRESENTATION Hx: no known vaccinations PHYSICAL EXAM
Patient is QAR
Temp: 104.1, HR: 200, RR:40
Audible upper respiratory congestion
dehydrated
Mm: pale pink, CRT: 2 sec

6. “YESTERDAY, YOU SAID TOMORROW.” -NIKE
PROCRASTINATION
“YESTERDAY, YOU SAID TOMORROW.”
-NIKE

7. DIAGNOSTICS DIAGNOSTICS DIAGNOSIS: Upper Respiratory Infection
Clinical signs
Nasal, pharyngeal swabs to send for virus isolation to an outside lab
DIAGNOSIS: Upper Respiratory Infection
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis(FVR)
Feline Herpesvirus-1
Feline Calicivirus (FCV)
80-90% of all URI is caused by 1 of these 2 viruses
Chlamydophila felis
Bordetella
Mycoplasma

8. DIAGNOSIS: Differentiating the causes
Sneezing is common in all
Upper repiratory disease
Corneal ulceration is associated with Herpesvirus
Oral ulcers are
associated with
calicivirus
Coughing is associated
with Bordetella or
mycoplasma

9. TREATMENT FLUIDS ANTIBIOTICS NURSING CARE DECREASE STRESS
Warm, clean
Force feed, warm, food
Pain meds for oral or corneal ulcers
DECREASE STRESS
AVOID STEROIDS
ANTIVIRALS
Idoxuridine topical ophthalmic solution

10. PROGNOSIS & CLIENT INFORMATION
Both FVR and FCV are highly contagious
Transmitted via fomites (hands, clothes) and aerosolization of respiratory droplets within 5 feet
Morbidity is high, mortality is low
Oral ulcers can last 7-10 days

11. PREVENTION VACCINATION ISOLATION OF AFFECTED ANIMALS
Vaccines will reduce severity and duration of clinical signs
ISOLATION OF AFFECTED ANIMALS

12. CASE #5 Feline Panleukopenia

13. PATIENT PRESENTATION

14. PATIENT PRESENTATION SIGNALMENT: 6week old, intact female, DSH
PRESENTING COMPLAINTS: kitten is depressed and appears to be very thin, has blood-tinged diarrhea, occasional vomiting
Hx: client lives in an apartment complex and found this kitten outside.

15. PATIENT PRESENTATION PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS 103°F dehydrated
Ataxic, unstable
Lethargic
Fecal-soiled rear-end

17. DIAGNOSTICS CBC Positive parvovirus snap test
Moderate to severe panleukopenia
Positive parvovirus snap test

18. TREATMENT Maintain hydration and electrolyte balance Force-feeding
Broad-spectrum antibiotics

19. PREVENTION & CLIENT INFO
Proper vaccination is required to prevent disease
Like canine parvovirus, this virus can remain in the environment for years.
Infected cats should be isolated as all body secretions contain the virus
Transmission is through direct contact or contaminated environment

20. CASE #6 Feline Infectious Peritonitis

21. PATIENT PRESENTATION

22. PATIENT PRESENATION SIGNALMENT: 3mth old, intact female, DSH
PRESENTING COMPLAINT: kitten is sometimes lethargic and seems to be bloated. She eats, although appetite is decreased. Owner can still feel and see the backbone and pelvic bones.
Hx: owner is fostering a litter of kittens from a shelter for the past 3 weeks, until they are healthy enough for adoption. The kittens have had intermittent diarrhea over the past 2 weeks, but seems to be resolved

23. PATIENT PRESENTATION Hx: The other 5 kittens are generally healthy
PHYSICAL EXAM:
Distended abdomen, BCS:2/5
Depression
dehydrated
Mm: pale pk, CRT:2sec
Temp: HR: 200, RR: 30

24. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FECAL ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRY
ABDOMINOCENTESIS
Cytology & chemical analysis of the fluid

25. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

26. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

27. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

28. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

29. DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULTS
FECAL(?)
There is NO “FIP SPECIFIC” antibody titer test
CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRY
Decreased protein in the blood
ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS
Ascites found
ABDOMINOCENTESIS
Viscous, clear to yellow fluid, high protein, low cellularity
Rivalta Test
Rivalta test has been used in Europe for a long time; Some DVMs here do it as well, but is not listed as an official diagnostic

30. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Abdominocentesis

32. DIAGNOSTICS

33. Pleural Effusion

34. TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

35. TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
This theory of mutation is changing as of 2014; nothing is certain at this point;

36. TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FIP occurs in 2 forms: the “wet” or effusive form (75%) and the non-effusive or “dry” form.
DRY FORM
Fever
Anorexia
Depression
Wt. loss
Ocular lesions – inflammation, hemorrhage
Neurologic lesions
Rarely, enlarged kidneys
This form of the disease is vague and progresses slowly – these animals may live months to years
Dry form seen mostly in older cats

37. TREATMENT & PREVENTION
SUPPORTIVE CARE
Thoracocentesis/abdominocentesis to make pet more comfortable
Daily steroids
Antibiotics
PREVENTION
Control of the virus shedding is key
House cats separately
Clean litter boxes frequently
The virus can last up to 4 weeks in the environment, but is killed easily by disinfectants
Lower number of cats, lower stress

38. CLIENT INFO & PROGNOSIS
Clinical FIP is almost always a fatal disease with a mortality rate >95%.
Cats with the effusive form usually progress more quickly and often die within 2 months of initial diagnosis