1. Chapter 14 section 3
The Crisis Deepens

2. The new anti-slavery party
Northern Whigs joined a new party  Republican Party
They wanted to stop the spread of slavery in the Western Territory
This attracted the Northern Democrats and the Free Soil Party
The Republican Party quickly grew
1856: John C. Fremont was the first Republican candidate, having a strong anti- slavery campaign

3. Dred scott decision
Dred Scott v. Sandford  Dred Scott was an enslaved person owned by US Army doctor
They lived in Illinois (free state) and then moved to Missouri (slave state)
Scott sued for freedom saying he was free in IL where slavery was illegal
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney made his ruled  Scott was NOT free for two reasons
He had no right to sue because he was African American and they were not citizens
Living in a free territory did not make him free because the doctor still “owned” him because he paid for him (aka property rights)
Taney said Congress did not have power to prohibit slavery  Does that make Missouri Compromise unconstitutional?
South rejoiced but North was stunned

4. Lincoln-douglas debates
Abraham Lincoln (Illinois lawyer) spoke out against slavery after the Dred Scott decision
Lincoln was an IL lawyer  IL State Legislature  member of Congress for the Whig party
1858: Lincoln was chosen to run for Senate vs. Stephen Douglas
Debates: Douglas defended popular sovereignty, Lincoln was against the spread of slavery (did not say he wanted to ban slavery)
Douglas won, but 2 years later they will face off for the US Presidency

5. John brown’s raid
John Brown was driven out of Kansas after the Pottawatomie Massacre, and returned to New England
1859: Brown attacked Harpers Ferry in Virginia
He wanted to seize guns, and thought African Americans would support him (he would then give them weapons and would lead them in a revolt)
Brown gained weapons but Robert E. Lee captured him  Brown went before a court and they found him guilty of murder and treason
Brown defended himself saying the Bible told him to care for the poor and enslaved, but he was hanged for treason anyway

6. Vocabulary and people
DRED SCOTT: enslaved person who sued for his freedom
ROGER B. TANEY: Chief Justice who wrote a controversial Supreme Court decision in 1857
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: Republican Party candidate for US Senate from Illinois in 1858