1. Marine Ecosystems

2. Key terms needed to study ________
Study of how organisms relate to each other and the environment
Utilizes all areas of science
Takes into account Biotic and Abiotic factors

3. ________ More terms Living factors Types and quantity of organisms
Non living factors
Wind
Temperature
Sunlight
Minerals
water

4. ________ Can interact with other Ecosystems
Terms continued
________
Distinct region with physical boundaries that has its own set of abiotic factors and groups of organisms
Tundra
Oceans
Desert
Can interact with other Ecosystems

5. Community
Variety of different organisms living together in an Ecosystem
Plants
Animals
Microbes
Population
A group consisting of one species that interacts and lives in the same ecosystem
Pack of wolves
School of fish

6. ________ Area and conditions that an organism can be found
Microhabitat are small scaled areas where organisms dwell
Between rocks
The role an organism plays in the habitat
Bacteria and fungus as decomposers

7. Energy Flow

8. ______________________________________
Biogeochemical cycles limit resources available
Carbon cycle
Diversity of primary producers affects the higher levels

9. Marine Ecosystems

10. Contains all photosynthetic life in the sea Contains many ecosytems
Euphotice Zone
Makes up ________% of the ocean but contains the majority of life found in the ocean
Contains all photosynthetic life in the sea
Contains many ecosytems
Nuestons are the primary producers

11. Marine zones
Intertidal- the land between high and low tides. Typical animals are sea urchins
Neritic zone is most the productive
Does not exceed 200 meters
Keeps nutrients shallow
Holds more warmth
Zooplankton- animal like plankton.
Phytoplankton- plantlike plankton, algae and protists

12. Marine zones
________- extends from the neritic zone down to the bottom of the continental shelf, meters
________- below the meter depth. There is no light, so organisms must create their own.

13. Other Marine Habitats ________ Most taxonomically diverse
located in warm waters and provide homes for a very diverse plant and animal life.
Most taxonomically diverse
Further out, the less diverse

14. Other Marine Habitats
___________-exist in cold waters and can extend 100 feet from ocean floor to surface.
Typically in cool waters, near upwelling
Includes red, green, and brown algea
Exceeds primary productivity of terrestrial plants

15. Beaches ________ is due to weathering and erosion
Helps protect the coastline
Dissipates energy waves
Contains a ________of all known animal phyla within the grains of sand

16. tides
Communities can survive being above water and below water for an extended period of time
Bodies of organisms need to be strong enough to with stand pounding from waves

17. ________
Area where a river flows and merges with the ocean. Contains high levels of nutrients and provides home to many different species.
Primary producers are algea and halophytes (salt plants)
Wide salinity range limits diversity
Salt marshes can be found in estuaries
Organisms can withstand extreme conditions

18. ________________ Consist of more than ______ species of mangrove trees
Found in tropical climates
Provide protective habitats for many organisms

19. Sea grass Vascular, flowering plants that live completely submerged
They have an actual root system
Grow in colonies

20. Ponds and Lakes Zones Littoral- well lit, warm and shallow
Limnetic- open water
Benthic- bottom floor
Ponds and Lakes

21. ________________
Found in lowland areas or along rivers, lakes, and streams
Some wetlands are temporary and seasonal.
Other wetlands are always under water. 
Help prevent flooding
Act as a water purification system  

22. Other systems that you are responsible for reading in text
Polar regions
Artic and antarctic are 2 distinctly different systems
Abyssal and Hadal Zones
Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps