1. Unit 4 Cell Physiology [Transport and Energy) ]
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Unit 4 Cell Physiology [Transport and Energy) ]

2. a. mitochondria b. chloroplast c. nucleus d. cell wall
1. Where does photosynthesis take place in a cell?
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplast
c. nucleus
d. cell wall

3. b. chloroplast

4. 2. Where does cellular respiration take place in a cell?
a. nucleus
b. lysosome
c. mitochondria
d. chloroplast

5. c. mitochondria

6. a. plants b. bacteria c. animals d. all organisms
3. What organisms can carry out cellular respiration?
a. plants
b. bacteria
c. animals
d. all organisms

7. d. all organisms

8. a. Cellular respiration reactants are the products of photosynthesis.
4. What best explains the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
a. Cellular respiration reactants are the products of photosynthesis.
b. Photosynthesis products are cellular respiration products.
c. Cellular respiration reactants are the reactants of photosynthesis.
d. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both done by the mitochondria.

9. a. Cellular respiration reactants are the products of photosynthesis.

10. 5. What gas is X?
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. water
d. aerobic

11. b. Carbon dioxide

12. 6. What gas is Y?
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. water
d. anaerobic

13. a. oxygen

14. 7. What carbohydrate is Z?
a. starch
b. cellulose
c. lactose
d. glucose

15. d. glucose

16. 11. If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high energy sugars?
a. More sugars will be produced
b. No sugars will be produced
c. More sugars will be stored
d. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of sugars in plants

17. b. No sugars will be produced

18. What best describes the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
a. Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP per glucose then anaerobic respiration
b. Only aerobic respiration produces ATP from glucose
c. Aerobic respiration produces much less ATP per glucose than anaerobic respiration
d. Only anaerobic respiration produces ATP from glucose

19. a. Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP per glucose then anaerobic respiration

20. 13. “Elite Athletes” would typically have more of which organelle in their cells throughout their bodies?
a. Nucleus
b. Lysosomes
c. Chloroplasts
d. Mitochondria

21. b. Mitochondria

22. 14. What is a by-product of anaerobic respiration when it takes place in human muscle tissue?
Alcohol
Glucose
Lactic Acid
Sulfuric Acid

23. Lactic Acid

24. 15. Which statement accurately predicts what will happen to red blood cells when placed in a beaker with a higher salt concentration than the salt concentration inside the red blood cells?
The red blood cells will absorb water and swell
The red blood cells will lose water and shrink
The red blood cells will maintain their normal size
The red blood cells will first lose water, then absorb water, and double in size

25. b. The red blood cells will lose water and shrink

26. 16. While cleaning a saltwater tank, students placed a fish in a bowl filled with distilled water. What effect will this have on the fish?
The cells of the fish will swell.
The cells of the fish will disintegrate.
The cells of the fish will shrink and shrivel.
The cells of the fish will be in equilibrium

27. The cells of the fish will swell.

28. 17. A cell with a 9% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 2% solute concentration. What will happen to this cell over time of only water can move across the membrane?
The cell will maintain dynamic equilibrium
The cell will lose water and shrink.
The cell will gain water and expand.
The cell will neither gain nor lose water.

29. The cell will gain water and expand.

30. 18. The diagram below represents a cell in water
18. The diagram below represents a cell in water. Molecules that can move freely across the membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others in the water outside the cell.
Based on the picture, what would happen after time?
The O2 molecules will increase inside the cell
The CO2 will remain the same inside the cell
The O2 will remain the same outside the cell
The CO2 will decrease outside the cell

31. The O2 molecules will increase inside the cell

32. 19. Which organelles must be present in a geranium leaf in order for photosynthesis and respiration to occur?
Cell wall and vacuole
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Cell wall and nucleus
Ribosome and chloroplasts

33. Mitochondria and chloroplasts

34. 20. The diagram below represents a biological process that takes place in some cells. Which set of molecules is best represented by letters A and B?
A: oxygen and water; B: glucose
A: glucose; B: carbon dioxide and water
A: carbon dioxide and water; B: glucose
A: glucose; B: oxygen and water

35. A: oxygen and water; B: glucose

36. 21. Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
Only anaerobic respiration produces measurable amounts of ATP.
Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same amount of ATP

37. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.

38. 22. The green aquatic plant represented in the diagram below was exposed to light for several hours.
Which gas would most likely be found in the greatest amount in the bubbles?
Oxygen C. Nitrogen
Ozone D. Carbon dioxide

39. a. Oxygen

40. 23. Cyanide is a poison that limits the ability of an animal
cell to produce ATP. In a cell containing a small amount of cyanide, which process would be most affected?
Facilitated diffusion c. Diffusion
Active transport d. Osmosis

41. b. Active transport

42. 24. Which of the following processes releases the most ATP for each molecule of glucose?
Aerobic respiration C. Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation D. Photosynthesis

43. a. Aerobic respiration

44. 25. Leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomata, which are opened and closed by specialized guard cells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf and the environment. Which phrase best represents the net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis in and out of the leaf?
CO2 moves in; O2 moves out
CO2 and O2 move in; ozone moves out
O2 moves in; nitrogen moves out
Water and ozone move in; CO2 moves out

45. CO2 moves in; O2 moves out

46. 26. An investigation was carried out and the results are shown below
26. An investigation was carried out and the results are shown below. Substance X results from a metabolic process that produces ATP in yeast.
What statement best describes Substance X?
It is oxygen released by protein synthesis
It is glucose produced in photosynthesis
It is starch produced during digestion
It is carbon dioxide released by respiration

47. It is carbon dioxide released by respiration

48. 27. Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere results from the process of
Fermentation C. Respiration
Photosynthesis D. Excretion

49. B) Photosynthesis

50. 28. Which part of this energy flow shows respiration? (A, B, or C)
A B. B. C. C D. None of these

51. B) B.

52. 29. In which cell part does respiration take place?
Chloroplast B. Vacuole
C. Mitochondria D. Cell Wall

53. C. Mitochondria

54. 30. The structure most responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis is the
cytoplasm b. cell wall
c. mitochondria d. plasma membrane

55. d. plasma membrane

56. 31)  A plasma membrane is made up of a(n)
cholesterol layer b. enzyme layer
c. lipid bilayer d. protein layer

57. c. lipid bilayer

58. 32. Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?
facilitated diffusion b. diffusion
c. endocytosis d. osmosis

59. c. endocytosis

60. 33 Diffusion continues until
equilibrium is reached b. turgor pressure is reached
c. one side has more d. none of these

61. a. equilibrium is reached

62. 34) If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by
a. osmosis b. diffusion c. active transport d. phagocytosis

63. a. osmosis

64. 35) If it is not watered, a tulip plant wilts because it
increases active transport b. loses turgor pressure
c. increases turgor pressure d. none of these

65. b. loses turgor pressure

66. 36) An amoeba engulfs a particle of food.
What type of cellular transport is this diagram representing?
a. Osmosis b. Diffusion
c. Endocytosis d. Exocytosis

67. c. Endocytosis

68. d. Essential to oxygen production
36) Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen,
it is said to be:
a. Aerobic
b. Anaerobic
c. Cyclic
d. Essential to oxygen production

69. b. Anaerobic

70. in which organelle? a.Nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Mitochondria
37) . The majority of cellular respiration takes place
in which organelle?
a.Nucleus
b. Ribosomes
c. Mitochondria
d. Chloroplasts .

71. c. Mitochondria

72. 38. Which of the following causes bread dough to rise?
Yeasts going through lactic acid fermentation
Yeasts going through alcohol fermentation?
Yeasts going through aerobic respiration
Yeasts going through photosynthesis

73. Yeasts going through alcohol fermentation?

74. 39. Which of the following are autotrophs?
deer
leopards
plants
fungus

75. c. plants

76. 40. Which of the following produces sore muscles after a hard workout?
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcohol fermentation
Aerobic respiration
Photosynthesis

77. a. Lactic acid fermentation

78. The rate of photosynthesis will increase and then level off
If you increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what will happen?
The rate of photosynthesis will increase and then level off
The rate of photosynthesis will decrease
The rate of photosynthesis will continue to increase
The rate of photosynthesis will not change

79. a. The rate of photosynthesis will increase and then level off

80. The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll:
Reflects green light
Absorbs green light
Reflects all light
Absorbs all light

81. Reflects green light

82. The products of photosynthesis are: Sugars and oxygen
Sugars and carbon dioxide
Water and carbon dioxide
Hydrogen and oxygen

83. Sugars and oxygen

84. 43. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing pigments called:
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Thylakoids
Stromas

85. Chlorophyll