1. Growing Division & Reform - 1820 -1850
Chapter Section 2

2. Overview
While the country pushed west, sectional differences increased as new states joined the Union and issues over slavery continued to divide free states and slave states. During this time, religious reformers focused on reviving Americas’ commitment to religion in what became know as the “Second Great Awakening”. Finally, social reformers were involved in various reform efforts e.g women’s rights, educational reform, and the abolition of slavery.

3. Missouri
Missouri wanted to be admitted as a State (Slave State) in 1819
11 - Free & 11 - Slave
Upset balance of U.S. States in the Senate

4. The Compromise Following year, Maine requested Statehood
Senate worked to find a fair compromise
Ultimately decided on Missouri Compromise

5. The Missouri Compromise
Admit Maine as a free state & Missouri as a slave State
Amendment to compromise = Slavery prohibited in rest of Louisiana territory
Known as 36* 30* compromise line

6. 36* 30* parallel

7. Andrew Jacksons as President

8. New Era in Politics 1828 Election – John Adams v. Andrew Jackson
Jackson had 56% of votes & 178 of the 261 Electoral College
Jackson utilized the “Spoils System” – appointing people who supported him to jobs in the govt.
Changed the “Caucus” system to present day “National Conventions”

9. Tariff of Abominations
Early 1800’s – South Carolinas economy was weak
Fed. Gov. increased nations tariffs – S. Carolina dependent on goods from England
1828 – Congress passed additional tariff – Dubbed Tariff of Abominations
Southern Carolinians threated to secede from the Union or Withdraw
Tariff of Abominations

10. John C. Calhoun Calhoun V.P. – from S. Carolina
Not happy with new tariffs – put forth the idea of “Nullification”
Nullification – States created the Federal gov. and they have the right to declare a law null or “Invalid”
1832 – congress passed another tariff – S.Carolina pushed for secession

11. Indian Removal Act President Jackson protect Native Americans
Move them away from white settlers
Signed Indian Removal Act
Relocate to regions W. of the Mississippi River

12. Trail of Tears
Cherokees filed Supreme Court Cherokee Nation v. Georgia – “right to control land”
Pres. Van Buren - Sent army - force remove Cherokee to govt reservations
4000 died - starvation, disease, exposure
Trail of Tears

13. The Reform Spirit of America
in the 1800’s

14. Second Great Awakening
Revive Americas commitment to religion
Issue – Growing scientific knowledge = believed was a challenge to faith
Goal: to improve themselves & world
Spread word of God and convert non-believers
Mormons persecuted – forced to move – ended up in Utah – Salt Lake City

15. Temperance Movement Attempt to reform people / stop drinking
Alcohol (Demon Liquor) caused = crime, poverty, family damage
Many states banned alcohol / 1851 Maine passed 1st “Prohibition” law

16. Women’s Movement Little to no role in society (except home life)
Wanted more opportunities & education
Elizabeth Cady Stanton - Seneca Falls Convention
Mark of Women’s Reform
Issued Declaration of Sediments “aka” Seneca Falls Declaration
Proposed the “Right to Vote”

17. Questions?????