1. De-inking and Markets
Reliance Fibres Ltd. UK are International Traders of all grades of Recovered Paper, Surplus or Damaged Reels. We can provide expert advice on all aspects of Recycling of Recovered Paper, we specialise in De-inking markets. Reliance Fibres Ltd., purchases & sells to India all grades of Recovered Paper, in the form of Baled, Palletised or Roll Stock. We believe in offering Solution based raw material to our consumers based upon their product out put. We have close knit tie ups with suppliers in USA, UK & mainland Europe. For further details about us visit
This presentation is a Techno Commercial presentation intended for the paper industry to understand the availability of Recovered Paper for De - Inking
This presentation is compiled by:
Pankaj Chowdhary Director
Reliance Fibres Ltd. 174, Granville Road, London NW2 2LD, UK Phone: Fax:
Efax:
Disclaimer - All pictures are original taken or edited by person's responsible for presenting this paper, pictures are taken at various recycling depots in Europe / UK & USA and not copied from any website, journal or trade manual. All reference to specifications for recovered paper made are as per official specifications published by ISRI , CEPI or relevant authorities. Reliance Fibres Ltd does not claim responsibility for suggestions made or prices indicated during the course of this presentation or thereafter. Opinion expressed in this presentation is personal and not binding.

2. Rising Recovered Paper Consumption in India
India is currently using 3 million tonnes of Recovered Paper Annually (both imported & domestic)
Consumption of Recovered Paper estimated at 5-6 million tonnes by 2010
Annual Imports 1.5 million tonnes currently , increasing at 7% annually.
Indian Paper & Board consumption is growing at about 6.4% annually
Per Capita consumption of Paper currently stands at 5 -6 kgs with a total capacity of 6.2 million tonnes
30 to 40 kilograms of paper per capita per year considered the minimum level to meet basic needs for communication and literacy.
In the industrialized countries, consumption is vastly greater – over 200 kilograms per capita per year in the United States and around 160 kilograms per capita per year in Western Europe.
While China dominates the recovered paper consumption by 4-5 times especially in the lower grades like mix waste, corrugated & newspaper grades, it is now confirmed that India has emerged as a significant buyer of medium grades of recovered paper specially de-inking grades

3. Deinking Process
Non Technically explained De-inking is a “pulp laundering” operation to remove printing ink and “stickies” (sticky materials like glue residue and adhesives). Papermakers often use a combination of two deinking processes. Small particles of ink are rinsed from the pulp with water in a process called washing. Larger particles and stickies are removed with air bubbles in another process called flotation. During flotation deinking, pulp is fed into a large vat called a flotation cell, where air and soap- like chemicals call surfactants are injected into the pulp. The surfactants cause ink and stickies to loosen from the pulp and stick to the air bubbles as they float to the top of the mixture. The inky air bubbles create foam or froth which is removed from the top, leaving the clean pulp behind.

4. Recovered Paper Grades
RECOVERED PAPER CATEGORY
FIBRE SOURCE
RESULTING PAPER
Pulp substitute grades
Top quality waste from unprinted trimmings & off cuts from printers.
Printing and writing papers, Top Layer in Paperboards e.g. Grey Board , Packaging Boards
De-inking grades
Office waste, long fibred higher quality grades, short-fibres newspapers & magazines
Graphic paper and tissues, Copier Paper, Maplitho, Cream Wove, Newsprint, Top Layer in Paperboards e.g. Grey Board , Packaging Boards
Kraft grades
Brown unbleached packaging
New packaging
Lower grades
Mixed papers
Middle layers of packaging papers and boards

5. De inking Grades Classified for different types of Paper
RECOVERED PAPER CATEGORY
FIBRE SOURCE
RESULTING PAPER
News Print & Magazine Grades
(Mechanical), News & Pams, ONP, Over Issue News, Magazines, Magazine Trimms, Telephone Directories
Sorted Collections from Household, Printers , Publishing Houses
Newsprint, Magazines and other low grade papers & Tissue
Coated Book Stock, Multiprint, Sorted Office Paper , Multigrade
Office waste, long fibred higher quality grades, Printers
Copier Paper, Maplitho, Cream Wove, Blending with Newsprint, Top & Middle Liners for Paperboard
Manifold White Ledger, Manifold Colour Ledger, Poly Cup Stock, Printed SBS
High Grade Packaging & Industrial Forms
White Bond Papers , Tissue, Top Liner for Paper Board
Lower grades
Mixed papers
Strictly not for De-inking but we recommend sorting. Low Grade Papers

6. Grade Definitions in Europe , United Kingdom & USA
Europe Grades
UK Grades
USA Grades
CEPI & BIR have jointly Published Europe Grades have been categorised in five groups designated in a numbering system:
• Group 1: Ordinary grades
• Group 2: Medium grades
• Group 3: High grades
• Group 4: Kraft grades
• Group 5: Special grades
Although bound officially, in practice UK is still to adopt the CEPI / BIR Grades and most traders continue to use UK Grades which are categorised in 11 Groups:
Group 1 - White, Wood-free, Unprinted
Group 2 - White, Wood-free, Printed
Group 3 - White, Lightly Printed, Mech.
Group 4 - Coloured Woodfree Papers
Group 5 - Heavily Printed Mechanical
Group 6 - Coloured Kraft's & Manilas
Group 7 - New KLS
Group 8 – Kraft Container Waste
Group 9 - Mixed Papers
Group 10 - Coloured Card
Group 11 - Contaminated Grades
Probably the most widely used description is based on USA standards published by ISRI, currently known as PS-2005 is categorised into 51 grades and 35 special grades – Each Grade is specified by a number.
For the purpose of our presentation we will discuss only De inking Grades

7. Europe - De Inking Grades GroupWise
Group 1 Ordinary grades
Group 2 Medium grades
Group 3 High grades
Group 3 High Grades Cont…
Group 4 Kraft Grades & Group 5 Special grades
1.01& 1.02 – Mix Papers
1.06 & – Unsold magazines
1.07 – Telephone Books
1.08, 1.09,1.10 – Newspapers & Magazines , Magazines & Newspapers
1.11 – Sorted Graphic Paper
2.01 Newspapers
2.02 & Unsold newspapers,
2.03 & Lightly printed white
2.04 & Heavily printed white
2.05 Sorted office paper
2.06 Coloured letters
2.07 White Woodfree books
2.08 Coloured Woodfree magazines
3.01 Mixed lightly coloured
printer shavings
3.02 Mixed lightly coloured
Woodfree printer shavings
3.03 Woodfree binders
3.04 Tear white shavings
3.05 White Woodfree letters
3.06 White business forms
3.07 White Woodfree computer
print-out
3.08 Printed bleached
sulphate board
3.09 Lightly printed bleached
3.10
Multi printing
Group 4 is not relevant to De inking
Group 5
5.01 Mixed Recovered Paper & Board Unsorted

8. United Kingdom - De Inking Grades GroupWise
Group 1 - White, Wood-free, Unprinted
(not relevant to de-inking)
Group 2 - White, Wood-free, Printed
(this group has little relevance to De inking except grades like White Heavy Letter, Book Quire, CPO – we may ignore this for our discussions as not much of these grades would be relevant to India)
Group 3 - White, Lightly Printed, Mechanical
Scanboard
Woody One Cuts
Group 4 – Coloured
Woodfree Papers
Coloured Best Pams Coloured Continuous Business Forms Coloured Heavy Letter Coloured Shavings Coloured Tissue Multigrade
Group 5
Heavily Printed
Mechanical
News & Pams
Over Issue News
Over Issue Pams
Telephone Quire
Group 6
Coloured Krafts
& Manilas (not relevant to de- inking)
Group 7 – New
KLS (Kraft Liner – not
relevant to de inking
Group 8 – Kraft Container Waste
(OCC not relevant to De inking Group 9 - Mixed Papers Mixed Papers
Group 10 – Coloured Card
(Not relevant to De Inking)
Group 11 –
Contaminated Grades
Co mingled

9. USA – PS 2005 De Inking Grades
(2) Mixed Paper
(6) News
(7) News, De-ink Quality
(#7 ONP)
(8) Special News, De-ink
Quality (#8 ONP)
(9) Over-Issue News (OI or OIN)
(10) Magazines (OMG)
(22) Mixed Ground wood
Shavings
(23) Telephone Directories
(27) Flyleaf Shavings
(33) New Coloured Envelope
cuttings
(37) Sorted Office Paper (SOP)
(39) Manifold Coloured Ledger
(MCL)
(40) Sorted White Ledger (SWL)
(41) Manifold White Ledger (MWL)
(42) Computer Printout (CPO)
(43) Coated Book Stock (CBS)
(45) Printed Bleached Board Cuttings
(46) Misprinted Bleached Board
(49) #2 Printed Bleached Cup Stock (#2 Cup)
Single Stream

10. 1.08, 1.09,1.10 Newspapers & Magazines , Magazines & Newspapers
1.08 Mixed newspapers and magazines 1 - A mixture of newspapers and magazines, containing a minimum of 50% of newspapers, with or without glue.
1.09 Mixed newspapers and magazines 2 - A mixture of newspapers and magazines, containing a minimum of 60% of newspapers, with or without glue.
1.10 Mixed magazines and newspapers - A mixture of newspapers and magazines, containing a minimum of 60% of magazines, with or without glue.
News & Pams / Newspapers & Magazines is the most important Newsprint Grade for India, This grade is available in bulk from Europe (mainly Netherlands / Belgium / France & UK). News & Pams from UK is likely to be a better quality
Grades 1.08 / 1.09 & 1.10 are very intermingled and the final quality is much between the buyer and sell and depends on origin of the material.
Advantages – Easily and cheaply available
Disadvantages – This is generated from household Collections hence will tend to have some out throws (3-4%) minor Qtty of kraft (2%) may be present.
Similar USA Grade ONP 7 & 8
UK Grade Group 5 News & Pams

11. ONP 7 & 8 Similar Europe 1.08, 1.09,1.10 Newspapers & Magazines
(7) News, De-ink Quality (#7 ONP)
Consists of sorted, fresh newspapers, not
unburned, containing not more than the normal percentage of rotogravure and colored sections. May contain magazines.
Prohibitive materials None permitted
Total Outthrows may not exceed /4 of 1%
(8) Special News, De-ink Quality (#8 ONP)
sunburned, free from magazines, white blank, pressroom over-issues, and paper other than news, containing not more than the normal percentage of rotogravure and colored sections. This grade must be tare-free.
Prohibitive materials None permitted
Total Outthrows may not exceed /4 of%
This is also a important grade for Indian Newsprint manufacturers, especially the usage of this would go up in India when the prices of News & Pams is higher
In our opinion the quality of ONP from USA would be likely to be better than News & Pams from Europe
However it is to be noted although sold in India as News No. 8 , the quality being shipped to India is a quality which is a mix of grade No. 7 & 8 , locally this is known as News 7 & 8
Advantages – Easily and cheaply available
Disadvantages – This is generated from household Collections hence will tend to have some out throws / minor Qtty of kraft may be present.
Similar Europe 1.08, 1.09,1.10
Newspapers & Magazines
UK Grade Group 5
News & Pams

12. Over Issue News - UK Europe 2.02 & 2.02.01 Unsold Newspapers
Unsold newspapers free from pins, coated or sized papers, paper containing water retardant chemicals. Maximum of 5 percent lightly dyed newsprint and supplements (provided they are stapled) may be included by agreement with mill. Objectionable materials: 1 percent.
This is a better Newsprint grade than News & Pams or ONP.
However OINP is more expensive to import to India as the price tends to be similar to that of Magazine trims / OI Magazines / OI Pams
Gulf Countries supply significant amount of OINP to India. Hence not much Qtty is imported from Western Markets
Advantages – Easily available / More Black & White / Without Outthrows
Disadvantages – More Expensive than News & Pams
Similar USA Grade PS 9 – OIN
Europe 2.02 & Unsold Newspapers

13. UK Grade Group 5 Over Issue Pams
1.06 & Unsold magazines
1.06 Unsold magazines - Unsold magazines, with or without glue.
Unsold magazines - without glue Unsold magazines without glue. Magazines Could be available in pallets also
Very good grade for high quality Newsprint / Mechanical Papers / low grade tissue. This grade is mostly available in baled form, however pallet stock is also available.
Advantages – Price effective / Clean / May have some wood free content
Disadvantages – Can have very heavy coating & printing.
Similar USA Grade
PS 10 OMG
UK Grade Group 5 Over Issue Pams

14. Over Issue Pams - UK Europe Grade 1.06 & 1.06.01 Unsold magazines
Over issue periodicals or magazines printed on mechanical coated or uncoated paper, stapled but not bound in a latex glue. Free from plastic laminated or varnished covers. May contain a maximum of 5 percent dyed paper by agreement. Objectionable materials: 1 percent.
Very good grade for high quality Newsprint / Mechanical Papers / low grade tissue
Advantages – Price effective / Clean / May have some wood free content
Disadvantages – Coated Papers
We highly recommend users of OI Magazines to use this grade
Similar USA Grade – PS 10 OMG
Europe Grade 1.06 & Unsold magazines

15. Woody One Cuts (Magazine Trims) - UK
Shavings of newsprint or other mechanical papers, lightly printed; may contain maximum 10 percent coloured print but not dyed paper. Must not contain latex tips or other bindings or magazine trim. May contain coated papers and some wood free trim by agreement. Objectionable materials: none
Very good grade for manufacture of high quality Newsprint / Mechanical Papers like coated magazines
Papers with Glue should be avoided
Advantages – Very clean and bright.
Similar Europe 2.03 & Lightly printed white shavings
USA PS 27
Flyleaf Shavings

16. USA Grade – PS 37 Sorted Office Paper
Consists of paper, as typically generated by offices, containing primarily white and colored groundwood free paper, free of unbleached fiber.May include a small percentage of groundwood computer printout and facsimile paper.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed %
Total Outthrows may not exceed %
This grade is a very cost effective wood free grade for manufacture of Woodfree papers
More & more SOP is likely to be shredded in future.
Highly recommended after sorting.
USA material tends to have better ledger papers.
Advantages – Bright / Woodfree / good fibre yield
Disadvantages – being post consumer it has heavy out throws
Similar Europe Grade 2.05
Sorted Office Paper

17. 3.10 Multi Printing - Europe
3.10 Multi printing - Woodfree, coated, lightly printed, free from wet-strength paper or paper coloured in the mass.
Same as CBS or Colour Best Pams this is a bulk grade from Europe (Netherlands / Belgium / France)
This grade is a very cost effective wood free grade for manufacture of Woodfree papers.
Good Qtty of this grade is imported from Europe
Advantages – Bright / Woodfree
Disadvantages – Heavy Coated & Printed, Beware of UV / Foil printing / lower fibre yield
Similar USA Grade PS 43 Coated Book Stock
UK Grade Group 4 Coloured Best Pams

18. USA Grade – PS 43 Coated Book Stock
Consists of coated ground wood free paper, printed or unprinted in sheets, shavings, guillotined books and cuttings. A reasonable percentage of paper
containing fine ground wood may be included.
Prohibitive materials None permitted
Total Outthrows may not exceed %
Although slightly expensive than Euro Multiprint / Colour Best Pams, USA material tends to be better than from Europe
This grade is a very cost effective wood free grade for manufacture of Woodfree papers
More CBS from USA is bought when Europe prices are higher.
Advantages – Bright / Woodfree
Disadvantages – Heavy Coated & Printed, Beware of UV / Foil printing / lower fibre yield
Similar UK Grade Group 4 Coloured Best Pams
Europe Multi Printing

19. Multiprint - USA Multigrade
A mixture of Wood free ledger, book binder ledger, CBS and SOP this grade is a emerging grade available in limited Qtty Similar to UK Multigrade, however PS does not define this grade.
Advantages – Bright / Woodfree / Better Fibre yield / Clean
Disadvantages – May contain some shredded paper / quality will be over a range as this is really a blend of different papers
Similar UK Grade Group 4
Multigrade

20. Multigrade UK
A mixture of various papers whose overall appearance must be bright and light. A maximum of 25 percent of coloured best pams may be in each bale, the remainder consisting of 25 percent Woodfree coloured shavings and a minimum of 15 percent white heavy letter or woodfree book quire. The rest of the bale may be made up of thermo-mechanical fibres to a maximum of 10 percent. Must be free from all latex binders, self-adhesive labels and other contraries. These percentages may be varied by agreement with the buyer.
Objectionable materials: none.
A mixture of Wood free ledger, wood free trims , CBS and SOP this grade is available in good Qtty from UK
This is in our opinion the most cost effective grade for wood free papers
Advantages – Bright / Woodfree / Better yield
Disadvantages – May contain some shredded paper / quality will be over a range as this is really a blend of different papers
We highly recommend this grade
Similar USA Grade Multiprint

21. Plastic Window Envelopes – Europe
Similar Grade – USA New Coloured Envelope Cuttings No. 33

22. Light Colour Letter - UK
Coloured writing paper lightly printed on one side or typed or written on both sides. May also contain Woodfree sulphate boards printed on one side only. Free from manila file covers, binders, envelopes, plan paper, heavily loaded papers, deep dyed or well beaten papers, and printed circular letters or any thermo-graphic or xerographic print. Maximum 10 percent mechanical or thermo-mechanical fibres may be included by agreement; cheque waste may also be included by agreement. Objectionable materials: none (can include pins, staples, etc.).
Not imported in huge Qtty in India, very good for high quality papers as requires little de inking
Advantage – Wood free / clean / high fibre yield
Disadvantages – High Price
Similar Europe Coloured Letters
USA – PS 39
Manifold Coloured Ledger (MCL)

23. Sorted White Ledger – USA PS 41
Similar Grades
UK - Group 2 - White, Wood-free, Printed – White Heavy Letter
Europe : 3.05 White Woodfree letters
Consists of sheets, shavings, and cuttings of industrially-generated printed
or unprinted white ground wood-free paper. All stock must be uncoated and
free of no impact printing.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed /2 of 1%
Total Outthrows may not exceed %
Imported by high grade manufacturers
Advantage – Wood free / clean / high fibre yield
Disadvantages – High Price

24. Manifold White Ledger – USA PS 41
Consists of sheets, shavings, and cuttings of industrially-generated printed or unprinted colored or white groundwood-free paper. All stock must be uncoated and free of no impact printing. A percentage of carbonless paper is allowable.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed /2 of 1%
Total Outthrows may not exceed %
Imported by high grade manufacturers
Advantage – Wood free / clean / high fibre yield
Disadvantages – High Price
Similar Europe – 3.06 White Business Forms
UK – White Heavy Letter

25. Printed SBS - USA Similar Grades –
(45) Printed Bleached Board Cuttings
Consists of ground wood free printed bleached board cuttings, free from misprint
sheets, cartons, wax, greaseproof lamination, gilt, and inks, adhesives
or coatings that are insoluble.
Prohibitive materials may not exceed /2 of 1%
Total Outthrows may not exceed %
Imported by high grade manufacturers
Advantage – Wood free / clean / high fibre yield
Disadvantages – High Price
Similar Grades –
Europe 3.09 Lightly printed bleached
sulphate board

26. Printed Bleached Sulphate Board- 3.08 & 3.09 Europe
Similar Grades – Printed Bleached Board USA

27. Similar USA Grade PS 3—S Plastic Coated Cups
Poly Cup Stock - Europe
Although not strictly defined this grade is popularly known as ‘Pepsi cup’ , this grade consists of a poly coating on one side on which it is ‘right side’ printed (i.e.) printed on the outside, the poly when removed in pulping leaves a almost pure pulp stock
Imported by high grade manufacturers ,
Advantage – Wood free / clean / high brightness
Disadvantages – High Price / low fibre yield / some wrong side printing will leave colour In the pulp stock
Similar USA Grade PS 3—S Plastic Coated Cups

28. Mix Papers - Europe (Soft)
1.01 Mixed paper and board, unsorted, but unusable materials removed A mixture of various grades of paper and board, without restriction on short fibre content.
1.02 Mixed papers and boards (sorted) A mixture of various qualities of paper and board, containing a maximum of 40% of newspapers and magazines.
Sorting of mix paper is a cost effective way of obtaining news & pams and other bleached papers. However this will leave kraft and other papers which must be separately used. Mix Paper from household collections will tend to have more bleached mechanical papers.
Advantages – Low Price
Disadvantages – Sorting required
Similar USA Grade PS No.1 & No. 2 Mixed Paper
UK Grade Group 9
Mix Papers

29. Hard Mix - UK Similar USA Grade PS No.1 & No. 2 Mixed Paper
Mixed Papers - Mixed and various types of repulpable paper, cartons and board.
Must not contain more than 10 percent of news and pams or wet strength materials. Objectionable materials: Maximum 5 percent, but not including wax or bitumen.
Advantages – Low Price
Disadvantages – Sorting required
Similar USA Grade
PS No.1 & No. 2 Mixed Paper
Europe Grade 1.02 & 1.02

30. Single Stream - USA Similar Grade – UK Commingled
Unsorted House hold collection , this is typically raw stock from which all post consumer OCC & News papers are sorted, due to labour cost advantages in India huge volumes of this grade have been imported in India. However this grade has not been defined
Advantages – Very Cheap, huge cost advantage in sorting
Disadvantages - Very heavy out throws / Environmental Issues
Similar Grade – UK
Commingled
Similar UK & Europe Grade
Commingled

31. Commingled – Europe / UK
This grade has not been defined – we are advised that the UK authorities have stopped export of this grade until the same can be defined and classified.
Hence we will not attempt to define this grade
Advantages – Very Cheap, huge cost advantage in sorting
Disadvantages - Very heavy out throws / Environmental Issues
Similar USA Grade
Single Stream

32. The prices mentioned above are CIF Nhava Sheva Port / for other ports prices will vary. Prices are indicative and not binding

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