1. Changes in the Free Atmosphere
Current News and Weather
Return Exam 2
Temperature, Precipitation, and Drought
Weather Balloons
Tropospheric and Stratospheric Temperatures
For Next Class: Read IPCC AR5 Ch. 2 (pp )

9. Data Sources for Analyzing Tropospheric Temperature Trends
Radiosondes
From 2x daily upper air soundings
Began in 1940s regionally, 1958 globally
Satellite Microwave Sounding Unit
Converts measures of microwave emissions to temperature
Data available since 1978
Global Reanalysis Data
From numerical models

10. Weather Balloon Video

14. Atmospheric Soundings
dew point
dew point
temperature
temperature
wind speed/direction
wind speed/direction

16. Andes Balloon Release

17. Andes Balloon Release

19. Quelccaya Sounding: 0000 UTC 6 November 2014
stratosphere
tropopause
cloud layer
surface inversion
ground
Quelccaya Sounding: 0000 UTC 6 November 2014

20. The Tropopause

21. Vertical Weighting Functions and Tropopause Variations
contribution of altitude on the temperature detected by satellites
LT = Lower Tropospheric Temperature
MT = Middle Troposphere
LS = Lower Stratosphere
Dashed line = radiosonde height

22. Observed Surface and Upper Air Temperature Anomalies: 1950-2005
Altitude
Observed Surface and
Upper Air Temperature
Anomalies:
Stratosphere has cooled,
but troposphere and surface
have warmed.
Major volcanic eruptions warm
the stratosphere, but cool the
troposphere and surface.

23. Global and Tropical Trends in Atmospheric Temperatures
linear trends from variety of sources (radiosondes, satellites, reanalysis)

24. Linear Tropospheric Temperature Trends

25. Temperature Anomalies Relative to 1981-2010 Climatology

26. Radiosonde 1958-2012 Upper Air Trends

27. Linear Trends of Precipitable Water
Global-Mean Anomalies Relative to Period