1. Present Perfect

2. Present Perfect
This tense is used to express an action which is over just now or completed today. In this tense the third form of the verb (V3-PP) is used.

3. Formula for present perfect sentences:
Subject + auxiliary verb + verb in past participle
I, you, he, she, have / has verb in past
it, we, you, they participle
Ex. I have eaten an apple today.

4. Present perfect using:
already
just
yet

5. Present perfect using: just, already and yet.
We use the present perfect with just, already and yet to talk about recent news and events.
Just to talk about things that happened a short time ago (very recent news), e.g. I’ve just finished my homework. We put just between have/has and the past participle. They are always affirmative.
Already to talk about things that happened before now or happened sooner than expected, e.g. Where’s Tom? He’s already gone home. We put already between have/has and the past participle. They are always affirmative.
Yet in negative sentences to say that something has not happened up to the present time, e.g. He hasn’t arrived yet. In questions to ask if something that was expected to happen has happened, e.g. Has John arrived yet? We put yet at the end of the sentence.

6. Present perfect using: just, already and yet in affirmative, negative and questions.
NEGATIVE / QUESTIONS
We use already and just for the affirmative form of the present perfect sentences. Formula for affirmative using already: Subject + aux. verb + already + vpp Formula for affirmative using just: Subject + aux. verb + just + vpp
We use yet for the negative and questions form of the present perfect sentences. Formula for negative using yet: Subject + neg. aux. verb + vpp + yet (at the end). Formula for questions using yet: Aux. verb + subject + vpp + yet (at the end).

7. Present perfect using: just, already and yet.
Affirmative
Negative
I’ve already visited three universities.
I haven’t made a
decision yet.
A local bookstore has just
made a donation.
Questions
Answers
Have you visited your favorite
colleges yet?
Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.

8. Grammar Summary
We use the present perfect with already, just, and yet to talk about recent news and events.
We use already in affirmative sentences to talk about news and events that happened before now. E.g.He has already visited his favorite college.
We use just in affirmative sentences to talk about very recent events. E.g. They’ve just made a big announcement.
We use yet in questions and negative sentences to talk about news and events happening up to now or are about to happen in a short time. E.g. Have you signed up to help with the Spring Dance yet? We haven’t chosen a theme yet.

9. Thank you.