1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Causes, effects, and long-term impacts

2. What was the Industrial Revolution?
New manufacturing process that used machines (rather than humans)
Revolutionized mass production from to 1840
Started with textiles
Increased production, lowered costs of goods, led to new technologies
Essential question: did the Industrial Revolution have a more positive or more negative impact on life?

3. New Changes
Recap: what was the economy based on before the Industrial Rev?
Predict: how would the Industrial Rev change that?
Human and animal labor. Feudalism. Guilds. Small scale.

4. SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
Things got really bad really quickly

5. Urbanization Urbanization Movement to cities for jobs Overcrowding
Tenement homes
Slums
No sanitation, limited running water, electricity, disease rampant
Short life expectancies

6. Lots of families crammed into tenements – usually right near factories; pollution terrible

7. How the other half lived….

8. Working Conditions and Wages
Factory system
Less skilled (no more apprenticeships or masters)
Conditions were dirty, dangerous, and unhealthy
….coal mines, anyone?
Long hours (12-16 hrs)
Not paid well (women and children less than men for same work)

10. Child Labor
Why would kids need to work? BC urbanization! Too expensive to live in cities

11. Child Labor Earned 10% of an adult male’s wage
Those late for work were severely punished
They were hit with straps to work faster
Some children were dipped head first into a water cistern if they became drowsy
Talking to other children was forbidden
Accidents were commonplace
A visitor to Manchester commented that he had seen so many people in the streets without arms and legs that it was like "living in the midst of the army just returned from a campaign."

12. Worker’s Ages in Cotton Mills
Age Male Female Under
Horrible Histories “Victorian Work Song”

14. Women in the Workforce Factory jobs to support their family
Paid half or a third of an adult male’s salary

16. Social Hierarchy Shift
Ownership of land no longer most important factor
Industrial capitalists (factory owners)
Engineers, managers, shopkeepers
Urban poor (factory workers)

17. Imperialism
Countries needed more raw materials to fuel the growing Industrial Revolution and demand by the people
Where will they go?
Southeast Asia
Africa
How will they treat their new colonies?
Direct control versus indirect control
Feared rebellion; more strict control
European countries had lost all of their colonies in the New World because they indirectly controlled them, making easier to rebel (geography and distance also played an important factor). So when they sat down for the Berlin Conference, the countries knew two things: they had to use direct control as to not allow their colonies to rebel, and they didn’t want to build up industry within those countries (also geography was a deal here too – Africa is much closer to Europe than America is, so it was cheap to ship back raw materials. Britain did set up industry in India bc of the distance and history, which is why India is faring better [kind of?] than most African countries currently are).

18. How did people respond to the changes and abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
With a partner, predict demands and reforms ask by each of the following social groups:
Women
Children
Wages
Factory conditions
Living conditions

19. How did people respond?
Britain passed child labor and women labor laws
Reformers regulated living and working conditions
Workers formed unions

20. How did people respond?
Growing gap between rich and poor made people mad
Socialism and communism
Government controls and plans the economy
Vs Adam Smith’s capitalism

21. Socialists argued that the government should plan the economy by controlling factories, farms, railroads, mines, & important industries.
This would create equality & end poverty by redistributing wealth from rich capitalists to the poor workers

22. LONG-TERM EFFECTS
ENOUGH DEPRESSING STUFF; LET’S DISCUSS HAPPY IMPACTS

23. Leisure By the 1900s, more money + more free time = more fun! Parks
Circuses
Sports—football
Bicycles
Libraries
Operas, theaters &
museums

24. Realism and Romanticism

25. Health & Welfare Smallpox vaccine Penicillin Antiseptics Salvation
Army

26. Closure Respond to one of the two following short-response prompts:
Do you think we’re undergoing a new revolution?
What would it be called?
How will it impact society?
What will history books write about your generation?
Did the Industrial Revolution have more positive or negative consequences?
Were the short-term atrocities negated by the long-term impacts?
Would communism have been as wide-spread